TAILIEUCHUNG - The History of Electric Cars - The Early Years (1890 - 1930)

Parental concerns and preferences about school travel are often identified as important factors, but many studies do not explore or quantify how this factor influences travel mode choice. This gap in the literature is noteworthy because parental attitudes may be at least as influential as urban form, especially perceptions about safety, social interaction, and convenience (McMillan, 2007). Common concerns include traffic, bullies, and strangers (DiGuiseppi et al, 1998; Hillman et al, 1990; Kerr et al, 2006; Martin and Carlson, 2005). Concerns about traffic may prevent up to 40% of children from walking or bicycling (Dellinger and Staunton, 2002). Parents have stated that a walking escort may increase their. | The History of Electric Cars The Early Years 1890 - 1930 The electric vehicle is not a recent development. In fact the electric vehicle has been around for over 100 years and it has an interesting history of development that continues to the present. France and England were the first nations to develop the electric vehicle in the late 1800s. It was not until 1895 that Americans began to devote attention to electric vehicles. Many innovations followed and interest in motor vehicles increased greatly in the late 1890s and early 1900s. In 1897 the first commercial application was established as a fleet of New York City taxis. The early electric vehicles such as the 1902 Wood s Phaeton were little more than electrified horseless carriages and surreys. The Phaeton had a range of 18 miles a top speed of 14 mph and cost 2 000. By the turn of the century America was prosperous and the motor vehicle now available in steam electric or gasoline versions was becoming more popular. The years 1899 and 1900 were the high point of electric vehicles in America as they outsold all other types of cars. Electric vehicles had many advantages over their competitors in the early 1900s. They did not have the vibration smell and noise associated with gasoline cars. Changing gears on gasoline cars was the most difficult part of driving while electric vehicles did not require gear changes. While steam-powered cars also had no gear shifting they suffered from long start-up times of up to 45 minutes on cold mornings. The steam cars had less range before needing water than an electric s range on a single charge. The only good roads of the period were in town causing most travel to be local commuting a perfect situation for electric vehicles since their range was limited. The electric vehicle was the preferred choice of many because it did not require the manual effort to start as with the hand crank on gasoline vehicles and there was no wrestling with a gear shifter. While basic electric cars .

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