TAILIEUCHUNG - Theory-Driven SubgroupSpecific Evaluation of an intervention to Reduce Private Car Use

Raising the Bar for Safety: In response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, the Obama Administration has launched the most aggressive and comprehensive reforms to offshore oil and gas regulation and oversight in . history. The reforms, which strengthen requirements for everything from well design and workplace safety to corporate accountability, are helping to ensure that the . can safely and responsibly expand development of its offshore energy resources. These unprecedented reforms set standards and certification protocols for well design, testing, and control equipment and establish rigorous performance standards to reduce workplace error. | Theory-Driven Subgroup-Specific Evaluation of an intervention to Reduce Private Car Use1 Sebastian Bamberg2 and Peter Schmidt Center for Survey Research and Methodology ZUMA Mannheim Germany In the context of a 2-wave panel study we used Ajzen s 1991 theory of planned behavior TPB as the theoretical framework for deriving and systematically testing hypotheses as to how an intervention a free ticket for public transportation influences the travelmode choice of students. The empirical results show that this intervention caused a drastic decrease in students car use. The effect of the intervention on behavior is mediated by the causal chain postulated by the TPB. In the second step we analyzed whether there were subgroup-specific reactions to the intervention. Surprisingly the subgroup analysis shows that students with more negative attitudes toward policy measures restricting car use reacted more strongly to the intervention than did students with a more positive attitude. The focus of the present study is the evaluation and theory-driven explanation of the effects of an environmental policy measure aiming to reduce students car use for university routes. At present in the literature one finds only weakly interconnected lines of research on this question. One line concentrates on environmental behavior change as targeted by behavior analysts and others designing interventions to encourage environmental preservation behavior Dwyer Leeming Cobem Porter Jackson 1993 Geller et al. 1990 Geller Winett Everett 1982 Kruse Arit 1984 . If Dwyer et al. are right this research had its first peak in the late 1970s and 1980s and it is stagnating at the moment. According to Dwyer et al. behavioral scientists became discouraged by the lack of support and the difficulty of working with large systems public policies and deeply ingrained cultural practices in spite of some successful demonsfrations. Another problem that can be identified in much of the work in this area is the lack of

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