TAILIEUCHUNG - Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) TCP is a connection-oriented transport mechanism that resides at Layer 4 of the OSI model. | Transmission Control Protocol TCP TCP is a connection-oriented transport mechanism that resides at Layer 4 of the OSI model. TCP implements the concept of sessions between hosts to serve as virtual circuits upon which higher-layer data and communications are delivered. In doing so TCP addresses the inherent unreliability of lower-layer protocols such as IP providing a means of ensuring that data is accurately and reliably transmitted between hosts. The foundation of TCP is the creation of a session between hosts. This is performed through the use of a process known as the TCP three-way handshake. When a host decides it needs to transmit data to another host using TCP it contacts that host with information regarding the initial sequence number that it will use for the session. This data is transmitted to the destination host in a segment known as a synchronize SYN segment. This is the first part of the handshake. The destination receives the SYN segment and responds with an acknowledge ACK segment to acknowledge the receipt of the SYN segment. In addition it notifies the original source of its initial sequence number using it is own SYN segment. Although these are two distinct processes the ACK and the SYN they are typically combined into a single segment for efficiency of communication. Therefore this segment is commonly referred to as a SYN ACK segment and is the second part of the handshake. The originator then responds to the destination with its own ACK segment acknowledging the receipt of the SYN ACK. This is the final step of the three-way handshake and at this point the two hosts have established a virtual circuit between each other upon which all data will be transmitted. Figure 3-8 depicts the three-way handshake between hosts. Figure 3-8. Example of TCP Three-Way Handshake Reliability will be handled by each host periodically checking in with the other to confirm the successful receipt of data using a process known as sliding windows. If any data is lost

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