TAILIEUCHUNG - THE RAPID EVOLUTION OF REPRODUCTIVE PROTEINS

These donors—and the parliaments that approve their budgets—grew impatient with “traditional” approaches to aid that produced limited results or benefited the rich more than the poor. They now favor results-oriented programs that seek to address the underlying structural problems of poverty or broad international development goals, rather than provide specific health services. Current health fund- ing is more likely to be tied to broader grants or the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which do not include family planning and reproductive rights. To respond to this shift in donor priorities, the reproductive health sector needs to demonstrate that poor reproductive health does, in fact,. | REVI EWS THE RAPID EVOLUTION OF REPRODUCTIVE PROTEINS Willie J. Swanson and Victor D. Vacquied Many genes that mediate sexual reproduction such as those involved in gamete recognition diverge rapidly often as a result of adaptive evolution. This widespread phenomenon might have important consequences such as the establishment of barriers to fertilization that might lead to speciation. Sequence comparisons and functional studies are beginning to show the extent to which the rapid divergence of reproductive proteins is involved in the speciation process. ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION A genetic change that results in increased fitness. ORTHOLOGOUS GENES Homologous genes in different species that derive from a common ancestral gene without gene duplication or horizontal transmission. PURIFYING SELECTION Selection against a deleterious allele. Department of Biology University of California-Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA. Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California-San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA. Correspondence to . e-mail willies@. edu DOI nrg 733 Comparing gene sequences within and between closely related species has shown that the genes that mediate sexual reproduction are more divergent than the genes that are expressed in non-reproductive tissues1 2. For example using two-dimensional electrophoresis Civetta and Singh3 have shown that proteins from reproductive tissues in Drosophila are twice as diverse as proteins from non-reproductive tissues. In many cases this rapid divergence is driven by ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION positive Darwinian selection 4 which indicates that sequence diversification is beneficial to reproduction. This emerging generalization might be important for our understanding of how speciation occurs once populations have become repro-ductively isolated. In this review we focus on reproductive proteins that are evolving rapidly. We broadly define reproductive .

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