TAILIEUCHUNG - Designing Capable and Reliable Products Episode 8

Tham khảo tài liệu 'designing capable and reliable products episode 8', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Elements of stress analysis and failure theory 195 The stress L determined using the Modified Mohr method effectively accounts for all the applied stresses and allows a direct comparison to a materials strength property to be made Norton 1996 as was established for the Distortion Energy Theory for ductile materials. The set of expressions to determine the effective or maximum stress are shown below and involve all three principal stresses Dowling 1993 Ik . Suc - 2Su _ . Cl 1 1 52 1 TT----Ch 2 Ik . Suc - 2Su _ . 6 3 5 k 531 1 TT----Ch h 2 L duc Ik . . Suc - Su. _ . C3 5 k 51 3 Ẹ------------Ch h 2 L duc where L max Ci c2 c3 51 52 53 The effective stress is then compared to the materials ultimate tensile strength Su the reliability is given by the probabilistic requirement to avoid tensile fracture Norton 1996 R P Su L In a probabilistic sense this is the same as equation but for brittle materials under complex stresses. Stress raisers whether caused by geometrical discontinuities such as notches or by localized loads should be avoided when designing with brittle materials. The geometry and loading situation should be such as to minimize tensile stresses Ruiz and Koenigs-berger 1970 . The use of brittle materials is therefore dangerous because they may fail suddenly without noticeable deformation Timoshenko 1966 . They are not recommended for practical load bearing designs where tensile loads may be present. Fracture mechanics The static failure theories discussed above all assume that the material is perfectly homogeneous and isotropic and thus free from defects such as cracks that could serve as stress raisers. This is seldom true for real materials which could contain cracks due to processing welding heat treatment machining or scratches through mishandling. Localized stresses at the crack tips can be high enough for even ductile materials to fracture suddenly in a brittle manner under static loading. If the zone of yielding .

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