TAILIEUCHUNG - Modeling Tools for Environmental Engineers and Scientists Episode 7

Tham khảo tài liệu 'modeling tools for environmental engineers and scientists episode 7', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | CHAPTER 6 Fundamentals of Natural Environmental Systems CHAPTER PREVIEW This chapter outlines fluid flow and material balance equations for modeling the fate and transport of contaminants in unsaturated and saturated soils lakes rivers and groundwater and presents solutions for selected special cases. The objective is to provide the background for the modeling examples to be presented in Chapter 9. INTRODUCTION IN this book the terrestrial compartments of the natural environment are covered namely lakes rivers estuaries groundwater and soils. As in Chapter 4 on engineered environmental systems the objective in this chapter also is to provide a review of the fundamentals and relevant equations for simulating some of the more common phenomena in these systems. Readers are referred to several textbooks that detail the mechanisms and processes in natural environmental systems and their modeling and analysis Thomann and Mueller 1987 Nemerow 1991 James 1993 Schnoor 1996 Clark 1996 Thibodeaux 1996 Chapra 1997 Webber and DiGiano 1996 Logan 1999 Bedient et al. 1999 Charbeneau 2000 Fetter 1999 to mention just a few. Modeling of natural environmental systems had lagged behind the modeling of engineered systems. While engineered systems are well defined in space and time better understood and easier to monitor control and evaluate the complexities and uncertainties of natural systems have rendered their modeling a difficult task. However increasing concerns about human health 2002 by CRC Press LLC and degradation of the natural environment by anthropogenic activities and regulatory pressures have driven modeling efforts toward natural systems. Better understanding of the science of the environment experience from engineered systems and the availability of desktop computing power have also contributed to significant inroads into modeling of natural environmental systems. Modeling studies that began with BOD and dissolved oxygen analyses in rivers in the 1920s have grown to

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