TAILIEUCHUNG - BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS: AGROCHEMICALS - CHAPTER 16

Aflastatins: Streptomyces chất chuyển hóa ức chế sinh tổng hợp Aflatoxin Aflatoxin là một nhóm độc tố nấm mốc sản xuất bởi một số chủng nấm Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus và Aspergillus nomius. Những nấm aflatoxin sản xuất hiện nay ubiquitously trên thế giới, nhưng họ không luôn luôn sản xuất các độc tố. | 16 Aflastatins New Streptomyces Metabolites that Inhibit Aflatoxin Biosynthesis Shohei Sakuda Makoto Ono Hiroyuki Ikeda Masaru Sakurada Jiro Nakayama Akinori Suzuki and Akira Isogai CONTENTS Introduction Discovery and Isolation of Aflastatins Structure of Aflastatin A Structure of Aflastatin B Structure of Blasticidin A Biosynthesis of Aflastatin A Inhibitory Activities of Aflastatin and Blasticidin A on Aflatoxin Production Effects of Aflastatin A on Production of Other Polyketide Metabolites by Fungi Mode of Action of Aflastatin A Concluding Remarks References Introduction Aflatoxins are a group of mycotoxins produced by some strains of the fungi Aspergillus parasiticus Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus nomius. These aflatoxin-producing fungi are present ubiquitously in the world but they don t always produce the toxin. Under some environmental conditions of high temperature and humidity especially at tropical or subtropical zones they infect agricultural products such as peanuts or corn and produce aflatoxins not only on the outside but also on the inside. Aflatoxins were first found in 1960 as toxic metabolites produced by A. flavus which killed numerous turkeys in England. They also were shown to have an extremely potent carcinogenicity toward mammals and found as contaminates in a wide variety of food commodities. Aflatoxin is now generally recognized not only as an extremely toxic contaminant in foods and feeds but also as one of the certain risk factors for liver cancer in Thus control and management of aflatoxins have become issues of 1999 by CRC Press LLC FIGURE Structures of some inhibitors of aflatoxin biosynthesis. To protect foods and feeds from aflatoxin contamination some antibiotics which inhibit the growth of the producing fungi are useful. However effective fungicides are usually toxic to mammals to some extent and their use can easily produce drug resistant strains.

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