TAILIEUCHUNG - Chemistry part 33, Julia Burdge,2e (2009)

Tham khảo sách 'chemistry part 33, julia burdge,2e (2009)', khoa học tự nhiên, hoá học phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 812 CHAPTER 20 Nuclear Chemistry Figure If a critical mass is present many of the neutrons emitted during the fission process will be captured by other 2j5U nuclei and a chain reaction will occur. Multimedia Nuclear Chemistry nuclear chain reaction. Multimedia Nuclear Chemistry nuclear fission. TNT explosive Subcritical U-235 mass Figure Schematic diagram of an atomic bomb. The TNT explosives are set off first. The explosion forces the sections of fissionable material together to form an amount considerably larger than the critical mass. - Subcritical The significant feature of uranium-235 fission is not just the enormous amount of energy released but the fact that more neutrons are produced than are originally captured in the process. This property makes possible a nuclear chain reaction which is a self-sustaining sequence of nuclear fission reactions. The neutrons generated during the initial stages of fission can induce fission in other uranium-235 nuclei which in turn produce more neutrons and so on. In less than a second the reaction can become uncontrollable liberating a tremendous amount of heat to the surroundings. Figure shows two types of fission reactions. For a chain reaction to occur enough uranium-235 must be present in the sample to capture the neutrons. Otherwise many of the neutrons will escape from the sample and the chain reaction will not occur. In this situation the mass of the sample is said to be subcritical. Figure shows what happens when the amount of the fissionable material is equal to or greater than the critical mass the minimum mass of fissionable material required to generate a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction. In this case most of the neutrons will be captured by uranium-235 nuclei and a chain reaction will occur. The first application of nuclear fission was in the development of the atomic bomb. How is such a bomb made and detonated The crucial factor in the bomb s design is the determination of the .

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