TAILIEUCHUNG - THE GREAT FRENCH WAR.—THE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE.—HIGH PRICES, AND HEAVY TAXATION

This period, that of the great war with France, was one generally of high prices and prosperity for landowners and farmers. It was a prosperity, however, that was largely fictitious, and when the high prices of the war time were over, it was succeeded by many disastrous years. The prosperity, too, was also largely neutralized by a crushing weight of taxation and rates, while the labourer, although his wages were increased, found prices grow at a much greater rate, and it was, as Thorold Rogers has said, the most miserable period in his history. . | THE GREAT FRENCH WAR. THE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. HIGH PRICES AND HEAVY TAXATION This period that of the great war with France was one generally of high prices and prosperity for landowners and farmers. It was a prosperity however that was largely fictitious and when the high prices of the war time were over it was succeeded by many disastrous years. The prosperity too was also largely neutralized by a crushing weight of taxation and rates while the labourer although his wages were increased found prices grow at a much greater rate and it was as Thorold Rogers has said the most miserable period in his history. Its commencement was marked by the foundation of the Board of Agriculture. On May 15 1793 Sir John Sinclair 504 moved in the House of Commons that His Majesty would take into his consideration the advantages which might be derived from the establishment of such a board for though in some particular districts improved methods of cultivating the soil were practised yet in the greatest part of these kingdoms the principles of agriculture are not sufficiently understood nor are the implements of husbandry or the stock of the farmer brought to that perfection of which they are capable. His Majesty s faithful Commons were persuaded that if it were founded a spirit of improvement might be encouraged which would result in important national benefits. The motion was carried by 101 to 26. By its charter the board consisted of a president 16 ex-officio and 30 ordinary members with honorary and corresponding members. It was not a Government department in the modern sense of the term but a society for the encouragement of agriculture as the Royal Society is for the encouragement of science. It was indeed supported by parliamentary grants receiving a sum of 3 000 a year but the Government had only a limited control over its affairs through the exofficio members among whom were the Archbishops of Canterbury and York the Lord Chancellor the First Lord of the Admiralty and the

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