TAILIEUCHUNG - THE UTILIZATION OF WASTE

One of the most remarkable agricultural practices adopted by any civilized people is the centuries-long and well nigh universal conservation and utilization of all human waste in China, Korea and Japan, turning it to marvelous account in the maintenance of soil fertility and in the production of food. To understand this evolution it must be recognized that mineral fertilizers so extensively employed in modern western agriculture, like the extensive use of mineral coal, had been a physical impossibility to all people alike until within very recent years. With this fact must be associated the very long unbroken life of. | THE UTILIZATION OF WASTE One of the most remarkable agricultural practices adopted by any civilized people is the centuries-long and well nigh universal conservation and utilization of all human waste in China Korea and Japan turning it to marvelous account in the maintenance of soil fertility and in the production of food. To understand this evolution it must be recognized that mineral fertilizers so extensively employed in modern western agriculture like the extensive use of mineral coal had been a physical impossibility to all people alike until within very recent years. With this fact must be associated the very long unbroken life of these nations and the vast numbers their farmers have been compelled to feed. When we reflect upon the depleted fertility of our own older farm lands comparatively few of which have seen a century s service and upon the enormous quantity of mineral fertilizers which are being applied annually to them in order to secure paying yields it becomes evident that the time is here when profound consideration should be given to the practices the Mongolian race has maintained through many centuries which permit it to be said of China that one-sixth of an acre of good land is ample for the maintenance of one person and which are feeding an average of three people per acre of farm land in the three southernmost of the four main islands of Japan. From the analyses of mixed human excreta made by Wolff in Europe and by Kellner in Japan it appears that as an average these carry in every 2000 pounds pounds of nitrogen 4 pounds of potassium and pounds of phosphorus. On this basis and that of Carpenter who estimates the average amount of excreta per day for the adult at 40 ounces the average annual production per million of adult population is 5 794 300 pounds of nitrogen 1 825 000 pounds of potassium and 775 600 pounds of phosphorus carried in 456 250 tons of excreta. The figures which Hall cites in Fertilizers and Manures would make these

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