TAILIEUCHUNG - OVERVIEW OF FINAL AMENDMENTS TO AIR REGULATIONS FOR THE OIL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY

From the epidemiological data (fixed base line increment per 10 µg/m3 PM10 per 1 million inhabitant) on the one hand and the average exposure level of the population on the other hand, the number of health outcomes can be determined. These calculations may be done for the current exposure to particulate matter as well as for a hypothetical situation without road traffic-related air pollution. The difference between the two results corresponds to the number of morbidity and mortality cases attributable to road traffic-related air pollution. In Table 11 for Austria, France and Switzerland, the health effects considered are presented for the average annual exposure to total air pollution. | OVERVIEW OF FINAL AMENDMENTS TO AIR REGULATIONS FOR THE OIL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY FACT SHEET OVERVIEW OF ACTION On April 17 2012 the . Environmental Protection Agency EPA issued cost-effective regulations to reduce harmful air pollution from the oil and natural gas industry while allowing continued responsible growth in . oil and natural gas production. The final rules include the first federal air standards for natural gas wells that are hydraulically fractured along with requirements for several other sources of pollution in the oil and gas industry that currently are not regulated at the federal level. The rules for fractured gas wells rely on proven cost-effective technology and practices that industry leaders are using today at about half of the fractured natural gas wells in the . EPA extensively sought comment on the proposed rules which the agency was required to review under the Clean Air Act. Today s final action includes a number of changes made in response to those comments. The final rules provide flexibility for industry to ensure equipment is available to capture natural gas in time to meet compliance deadlines while maintaining the environmental benefits from the proposal. The rules also include incentives for industry to modernize equipment and reduce pollution early and changes to reporting requirements to strengthen accountability. A key component of the final rules is expected to yield a nearly 95 percent reduction in VOCs emitted from more than 11 000 new hydraulically fractured gas wells each year. This significant reduction would be accomplished primarily through the use of a proven process - known as a reduced emissions completion or green completion -- to capture natural gas that currently escapes to the air. In a green completion special equipment separates gas and liquid hydrocarbons from the flowback that comes from the well as it is being prepared for production. The gas and hydrocarbons can then be treated and used or sold

• Môi trường
• Incorporating Carbon
• Objectives for Plantation
• Irreversibility and Uncertainty
• Multifunctional
• Forest Management
• Ecoefficient Timber
• Surface acoustic waves
• Carbon nano tubes
• Advanced materials and devices
• Incorporating ZnO
• Incorporating CuO