TAILIEUCHUNG - EARTH SCIENCES - Notable Research and Discoveries Part 3

Tham khảo tài liệu 'earth sciences - notable research and discoveries part 3', khoa học tự nhiên, địa lý phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 28 EARTH SCIENCES the structure and composition of the upper mantle. But the extreme pressure and temperature of Earth s interior probably set limits on how far down people can ever drill. Although these limits constrain scientists reach simulations and laboratory experiments coupled with seismology extend all the way to the center of the planet. Another approach to the study of Earth s depths has recently gained interest. This approach involves extending geology s reach not only to Earth s center but also throughout the entire solar system. The solar system evolved and gave birth to the Sun and the planets about billion years ago. Astronomical and geological evidence provide clues about this event which involves an enormous swirling cloud of dust and gas that eventually aggregated into the Sun and planets. Yet the details are not at all clear. Studying the birth and evolution of the solar system will help scientists understand how the system s bodies formed which would also help explain their present structure. For example Earth and the planet Mars have many similarities. Mars is smaller having a radius a little more than half that of Earth and has a density of about 73 percent the value of Earth s density. Its orbit is about times larger than Earth s orbit which places it about 45 million miles 72 million km farther away from the Sun on average. Probes launched in the United States and other nations have reached Mars orbiting the planet and in some cases landing on its surface mapping the terrain and analyzing soil chemistry. Although seismic data from Mars is not yet available density and gravity measurements of Mars suggest it has a core similar to Earth s although perhaps containing a higher percentage of lighter elements. No probes or spacecraft have yet been sent to retrieve samples from Mars but scientists have a rare but valuable opportunity to study material from this planet. Meteorites rocks from space sometimes land on Earth. Many of these .

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