TAILIEUCHUNG - Does Deposit Insurance Increase Banking System Stability? An Empirical Investigation - April 2000

The sample of banks includes FDIC-insured commercial banks with total assets greater than $300 million as of March 1996. Of these institutions, banks that have no commercial and industrial loans are excluded. The sample ranges from 942 banks in March of 1996 to 467 banks in December of 2004. Institutions that are liquidated during the sample period are included in the sample before liquidation and excluded from the sample for the periods after liquidation. Banks that merge during the sample period are included in the sample. By construction, the sample is therefore free from survivor bias. Balance sheet data. | Does Deposit Insurance Increase Banking System Stability An Empirical Investigation by Asli Demirgue-Kunt and Enrica Detragiache Revised April 2000 Abstract Based on evidence for 61 countries in 1980-97 this study finds that explicit deposit insurance tends to increase the likelihood of banking crises the more so where bank interest rates are deregulated and the institutional environment is weak. Also the adverse impact of deposit insurance on bank stability tends to be stronger the more extensive is the coverage offered to depositors where the scheme is funded and where it is run by the government rather than the private sector. JEL Classification G28 G21 E44 Keywords Deposit insurance banking crises World Bank Development Research Group and International Monetary Fund Research Department. The findings interpretations and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the World Bank IMF their Executive Directors or the countries they represent. We received very helpful comments from George Clark Roberta Gatti Alex Hoffmeister Ed Kane Francesca Recanatini Marco Sorge and Colin Xu. We are greatly indebted to Anqing Shi and Tolga Sobaci for excellent research assistance. - 2 - I. Introduction The oldest system of national bank deposit insurance is the . system which was established in 1934 to prevent the extensive bank runs that contributed to the Great Depression. It was not until the Post-War period however that deposit insurance began to spread around the world Table 1 . The 1980 s saw an acceleration in the diffusion of deposit insurance with most OECD countries and an increasing number of developing countries adopting some form of explicit depositor protection. In 1994 deposit insurance became the standard for the newly created single banking market of the European More recently the IMF has endorsed a limited form of deposit insurance in its code of best practices Folkerts-Landau .

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