TAILIEUCHUNG - Volume 07 - Powder Metal Technologies and Applications Part 16

Tham khảo tài liệu 'volume 07 - powder metal technologies and applications part 16', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Fatigue and Fracture Control for Powder Metallurgy Components Randall M. German and Richard A. Queeney The Pennsylvania State University Porosity Effects An inherent physical characteristic of P M materials is the presence of pores. The role of porosity in determining fatigue endurance in powdered metals is akin to that of porosity that is induced through metal solidification in casting or welding. However the porosity that is characteristic of sintered powdered metals and of those materials subsequently deformation processed may differ in character and influence from solidification porosity. In all cases porosity catches the attention of the design engineer because it immediately conjures up images of classical stress concentrators. In addition porosity featuring sharp re-entrant corners a possibility for marginally equilibrium-sintered powder particle boundaries may be more accurately viewed as crack precursors. Pore geometry can be altered by modifications to the sintering cycle such as a longer hold time or higher temperature wherein the smoother pores improve strength fatigue life and fracture resistance. Ductility is sensitive to the pore structure but impact fracture and fatigue behavior have the greatest sensitivities. In general dynamic strength responses are the most sensitive. Even in those materials possessing full density inferior properties can occur due to microstructural defects. Recent applications have pushed P M into very demanding applications a good example being the automotive connecting rod. Such rods are formed by hot forging a porous P M preform using an alloy of . They weigh nearly 650 g. The ultimate tensile strength is 825 MPa 120 ksi with a yield strength of 550 MPa 80 ksi and fatigue endurance limit of 255 MPa 37 ksi . With expansion of P M fabrication technology into dynamically loaded components there arise performance limitations associated with fracture and fatigue. For static tensile properties there is a good basis for

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