TAILIEUCHUNG - EVALUATING EXPOSURE RISK TO TRACE ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN BIOSOLIDS

Chelators: Chelated iron and other chelated nutrients are used when a direct dose of a particular nutrient is needed to quickly solve a deficiency. Chelated products are organic compounds with attached inorganic metal molecules, which are more available for plant use. Compost, humus, humic acid, and microorganisms have natural chelating properties. Chemically, lime is the oxide of calcium, with the formula CaO. It occurs in limestone, marble, and chalk as calcium carbonate. Finely ground limestone is the best form to use because it will be more available to plants. There are two kinds of limestone available: calcic and dolomitic. Low-calcium. | SUBSCRIBE NOW Search BioCycle Home Current Issue Contents by Issue Article Access Article Database About BioCycle Writer Guidelines Equipment Systems Resources Links BioCycle Advertisers Compost Science In Business American Biogas Council COOL 2012 BkjCwle ADVANCING COMPOSTING ORGANICS RECYCLING RENEWABLE ENERGY Share I Evaluating Exposure Risk To Trace Organic Chemicals In Biosolids BioCyde August 2011 Vol. 52 No. 8 p. 31 Due to widespread use of TOrCs in manufacturing of personal care and consumer products research finds that the greatest human exposure is In the household environment and not via land application of biosolids. . Hundal K. Kumar N. Basta and . Cox BioCycle Web Extra Complete References available at end of this article AS a result of our modern lifestyle and widespread use of organic chemicals In personal care and consumer products PCCPs large amounts of chemical residues from Industries and homes are being continuously released into the wastewater stream some of which may find their way into the environment. Unlike heavy metals sources of trace organic chemicals TOrCs especially from manufacturing and use of PCCPs in the wastewater stream are diverse and source control programs that proved effective for heavy metals are futile In reducing the levels ofTOrCs reaching a wastewater treatment plant WTTP . Although most TOrCs that reach the WTTPs are destroyed through wastewater treatment and sludge processing some recalcitrant TOrCs and their metabolites may pass through the treatment process intact. Lipophilic fat soluble TOrCs show high affinities for organic carbon and preferentially partition into biosolids during solids separation and are Inherently less bloavallable than the hydrophilic water soluble TOrCs in the soil-water environment. Our dependence on chemicals has significantly increased over the past 30 to 40 years. Recent innovations in chemical processes associated with technological advances In manufacturing have

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