TAILIEUCHUNG - ELSEVIER GEO-ENGINEERING BOOK SERIES VOLUME 5 Part 6

RRS và S (fr) được sử dụng trong các khu đất sét và yếu, ép khối đá * Nhà thầu lựa chọn tạm thời hỗ trợ chủ sở hữu / tư vấn lựa chọn hỗ trợ lâu dài * bê tông lót cuối cùng không được sử dụng thường xuyên, nghĩa là, B + S (fr) thường được sự hỗ trợ cuối cùng. | Tunnel instrumentation 237 Fig. Variation of borehole extension with time. Giri Hydeltunnel through crushed phyllites which squeezed due to high cover pressure of about 300 m. Two extensometers of 5 and m depths were installed on the left wall and three extensometers of and m depths were installed on the right wall. No extensometer could be installed on the roof. Tunnel closures were also measured. The data were analyzed and radial displacements ur were plotted against radial distance r for various time intervals as shown in . The convergence of ur-log r plots at point indicates stabilization of the broken zone between 200 to 300 days after excavation. The broken zone radius b at this period was found to be and m on the left and right wall respectively. It can be noted that the radial displacements vs. time curves tend to converge at some radial distance which is believed to be the interface between broken zone and elastic zone within a squeezing ground condition. The steel ribs buckled after 300 days. This produced a spurt in radial displacements and the broken zone started widening again as indicated by the divergence of ur -log r plots in . The example clearly shows the usefulness of multi-point borehole extensometers to monitor the development of broken zone around a tunnel under squeezing ground conditions. Fig. Variation of radial displacement with radial distance within phyllites in Giri Hydeltunnel a m and b radius of broken zone in squeezing ground . 238 Tunnelling in weak rocks Fig. Monitoring agglomerate band behavior with the multi-point borehole extensometer in the roof of a large underground cavity India Goel 2001 . Observation by borehole extensometer in large underground cavity In one of the large underground opening projects for example it has been possible to monitor the roof displacement mm month Fig. . The deformation remains continued for almost 30 months. At .

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