TAILIEUCHUNG - Realizing The Promise Of Personalized Medicine

Jules Hoffmann made his pioneering discovery in 1996, when he and his co-workers investigated how fruit flies combat infections. They had access to flies with mutations in several different genes including Toll, a gene previously found to be involved in embryonal development by Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard (Nobel Prize 1995). When Hoffmann infected his fruit flies with bacteria or fungi, he discovered that Toll mutants died because they could not mount an effective defense. He was also able to conclude that the product of the Toll gene was involved in sensing pathogenic microorganisms and Toll activation was needed for successful defense against them | Harvard Business Review Breakthrough targeted therapies could save many lives and a great deal of money. Obsolete business models regulations reimbursement systems and physician behavior stand in the way but can be overcome. Realizing the Promise of Personalized Medicine by Mara G. Aspinall and Richard G. Hamermesh Reprint R0710F Breakthrough targeted therapies could save many lives and a great deal of money. Obsolete business models regulations reimbursement systems and physician behavior stand in the way but can be overcome. Realizing the Promise of Personalized Medicine by Mara G. Aspinall and Richard G. Hamermesh COPYRIGHT 2007 HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL PUBLISHING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. In the last decade scientific advances have made it possible to diagnose and treat a rapidly growing number of diseases especially various types of cancer much earlier and with greater precision than ever before. These developments have vastly expanded doctors power to customize therapy maximizing the effectiveness of drug treatments and minimizing their side effects. That s the good news. The bad news is that progress in realizing the promise of personalized medicine has been slow and uneven in the United States and the rest of the world. Although science is always ahead of practice in the medical field the gap today in the area of personalized medicine is inexcusably large. Today most . physicians continue to practice traditional trial-and-error medicine. A patient presents with symptoms and the doctor makes a most likely diagnosis that is consistent with those symptoms then prescribes a drug and possibly other treatment such as surgery. The drug dosage is typically based on the patient s weight. If the drug doesn t work or has significant side effects the doctor may change the dosage or try another drug if one is available. Alternatively the doctor may abandon the original diagnosis in favor of another and write a new prescription. This cycle .

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