TAILIEUCHUNG - TAKING STOCK: WHERE WE’VE BEEN, WHERE WE ARE, WHERE WE’RE GOING

This paper employs a novel mood variable, international soccer results, to investigate the effect of investor sentiment on asset prices. Using a cross-section of 39 countries, we find that losses in soccer matches have an economically and statistically significant negative effect on the losing country’s stock market. For example, elimination from a major international soccer tournament is associated with a next-day return on the national stock market index that is 38 basis points lower than average. We also document a loss effect after international cricket, rugby, and basket- ball games. On average, the effect is smaller in magnitude for these other sports than for soccer, but is. | Journal of Women and Minorities in Sconce and Engineering vol. 8 pp. 255 284 2002 TAKING STOCK WHERE WE VE BEEN WHERE WE ARE WHERE WE RE GOING Beatriz Chu Clewell 1 and Patricia B. Campbell2 1Education Policy Center The Urban Institute and 2Campbell-Kibler Associates Inc. Focusing on where we ve been where we are and where we re going the authors examine minority women s and White women s progress in science mathematics engineering and technology SMET over the past decade. Starting from an exploration of participation and achievement data the authors move on to cover the theories behind SMET gender differences including those based on testing biology social-psychology and cognitive sciences. Looking at practice as well as theory the authors explore the impacts that interventions and contextual influences such as societal change and education reform have had on efforts to achieve gender parity in SMET. The article concludes with the recommendation of logical next steps to preserve and expand the gains made by women in these fields. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this article is to trace the trajectory of women s progress in science mathematics engineering and technology SMET over the past decade and suggest directions for the future of women s participation in these fields. To do this we track indicators of women s progress toward attaining parity review the research and theories that attempt to explain reasons for male-female differences in SMET participation consider the role of intervention approaches on the basis of the findings of research in addressing these inequities and discuss contextual influences such as societal change and education reform on efforts to achieve gender parity in SMET. We ask the question Given the advances made by women in SMET up to this point what are logical next steps to preserve and expand the gains made by women in these fields so that true parity1 may be achieved Answering this question will require an identification of gaps that .

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