TAILIEUCHUNG - White Matter Changes Compromise Prefrontal Cortex Function in Healthy Elderly Individuals

We report the results of experiments on economic decisions with two populations, one of healthy elderly individuals (average age 82) and one of younger students (average age 20). We examine confidence, decisions under uncertainty, differences between willingness to pay and willingness to accept and the theory of mind (strategic thinking). Our findings indicate that the older adults’ decision behavior is similar to that of young adults, contrary to the notion that economic decision making is impaired with age. Choices over lotteries do not reflect the age differences previously reported in the psychology and biology literature. . | White Matter Changes Compromise Prefrontal Cortex Function in Healthy Elderly Individuals Christine Wu Nordahl1 Charan Ranganath1 Andrew P. Yonelinas1 Charles DeCarli1 Evan Fletcher1 and William J. Jagust2 Abstract Changes in memory function in elderly individuals are often attributed to dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex PFC . One mechanism for this dysfunction may be disruption of white matter tracts that connect the PFC with its anatomical targets. Here we tested the hypothesis that white matter degeneration is associated with reduced prefrontal activation. We used white matter hyperintensities WMH a magnetic resonance imaging MRI finding associated with cerebrovascular disease in elderly individuals as a marker for white matter degeneration. Specifically we used structural MRI to quantify the extent of WMH in a group of cognitively normal elderly individuals and tested whether these measures were predictive of the magnitude of prefrontal activity fMRI observed during performance of an episodic retrieval task and a verbal working memory task. We also examined the effects of WMH located in the dorsolateral frontal regions with the hypothesis that dorsal PFC WMH would be strongly associated with not only PFC function but also with areas that are anatomically and functionally linked to the PFC in a task-dependent manner. Results showed that increases in both global and regional dorsal PFC WMH volume were associated with decreases in PFC activity. In addition dorsal PFC WMH volume was associated with decreased activity in medial temporal and anterior cingulate regions during episodic retrieval and decreased activity in the posterior parietal and anterior cingulate cortex during working memory performance. These results suggest that disruption of white matter tracts especially within the PFC may be a mechanism for age-related changes in memory functioning. INTRODUCTION Evidence from behavioral and imaging studies suggests that aging is associated with prefrontal .

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