TAILIEUCHUNG - Cancer Cell Culture Methods and Protocols

Cell culture is practiced extensively throughout the world today. The techniques required to allow cells to grow and be maintained outside the body have been developed throughout the 20th century. In the 50 years since the publication of the first human cancer cell line, HeLa (1), thousands of cell lines representing most of the spectrum of human cancer have been derived. These have provided tools to study in depth the biochemistry and molecular biology associated with individual cancer types and have helped enormously in our understanding of normal as well as cancer cell physiology. Although some caution is required in interpreting data obtained by studying cells in vitro,. | M E T H O D S I N M O L E C U L A R M E D I C I N ETM 1 Basic Principles of Cancer Cell Culture Simon P. Langdon 1. Introduction Cell culture is practiced extensively throughout the world today. The techniques required to allow cells to grow and be maintained outside the body have been developed throughout the 20th century. In the 50 years since the publication of the first human cancer cell line HeLa 1 thousands of cell lines representing most of the spectrum of human cancer have been derived. These have provided tools to study in depth the biochemistry and molecular biology associated with individual cancer types and have helped enormously in our understanding of normal as well as cancer cell physiology. Although some caution is required in interpreting data obtained by studying cells in vitro it has allowed investigation of a complex disease such as cancer to be simplified to its component parts. The aim of this chapter is to introduce some of the basic concepts involved in the practice of cell culture. 2. Evolution of Cancer Cell Culture The science of cell and tissue culture has evolved steadily throughout the last century and its origins can be traced back to 1885 see Table 1 . In that year Wilhelm Roux reported that the medullary plate of a chick embryo could be maintained in saline solution for several days. Many of the early experiments used material derived from amphibians as it was cold blooded and often demonstrated tissue regeneration. In 1887 Arnold demonstrated that frog lymphocytes could migrate and survive in saline. Soon after in 1898 the first experiment using human tissue was reported when Ljunggren showed that human skin could survive in vitro if placed in ascitic fluid. With the turn of the century longer culture experiments were attempted and in 1903 Jolly was able to maintain salamander leukocytes in vitro for a month. However despite these early experiments it is Ross Harrison who is generally regarded as the father of tissue culture. .

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