TAILIEUCHUNG - Microengineering MEMs and Interfacing - Danny Banks Part 15

Tham khảo tài liệu 'microengineering mems and interfacing - danny banks part 15', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Amplifiers and Filtering 263 Other Functions It is clear from the foregoing discussion that various mathematical functions can be implemented using op-amps provided that a component with an appropriate response can be placed in the feedback circuit. One additional function that used to be fairly common was the logarithm and antilog circuit which made use of the logarithmic response of the BJT. These would facilitate the multiplication and division of two signals. However with the advent of powerful digital signal processors and computing techniques coupled with the difficulty of designing stable and accurate analog circuits and their inflexible nature most signal processing has now migrated to the digital domain. This is dealt with in Chapter 12. There are times when it may be desirable to compare one signal with a threshold level this function is accomplished using a comparator circuit. Dedicated comparator ICs are usually faster or have specialized outputs with lower open-loop gains than op-amps. These or op-amp comparators are usually operated with a little positive feedback so that noisy signals do not cause rapid repeated switching of the output as the signal approaches and passes the threshold . some hysteresis is introduced. This configuration is known as a Schmitt trigger. The op-amp is the fundamental building block of hundreds of useful circuits oscillators level detectors filters etc. Only some of these are dealt with here but many ideas can be found in Horowitz and Hill 2 or the many books on hobby electronics that are available. INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIERS The concept of CMRR was introduced in Subsection for op-amps it describes how good the circuit is at removing a signal that appears simultaneously on both inputs. Many sensors are particularly bad signal sources they often produce very small signals with very high source impedances subject to drift and worse still they are often connected to the nearest amplifier by a long .

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