TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 098. Iron Deficiency and Other Hypoproliferative Anemias (Part 11)

Protein Starvation Decreased dietary intake of protein may lead to mild to moderate hypoproliferative anemia; this form of anemia may be prevalent in the elderly. The anemia can be more severe in patients with a greater degree of starvation. In marasmus, where patients are both protein- and calorie-deficient, the release of EPO is impaired in proportion to the reduction in metabolic rate; however, the degree of anemia may be masked by volume depletion and becomes apparent after refeeding. Deficiencies in other nutrients (iron, folate) may also complicate the clinical picture but may not be apparent at diagnosis. Changes in. | Chapter 098. Iron Deficiency and Other Hypoproliferative Anemias Part 11 Protein Starvation Decreased dietary intake of protein may lead to mild to moderate hypoproliferative anemia this form of anemia may be prevalent in the elderly. The anemia can be more severe in patients with a greater degree of starvation. In marasmus where patients are both protein- and calorie-deficient the release of EPO is impaired in proportion to the reduction in metabolic rate however the degree of anemia may be masked by volume depletion and becomes apparent after refeeding. Deficiencies in other nutrients iron folate may also complicate the clinical picture but may not be apparent at diagnosis. Changes in the erythrocyte indices on refeeding should prompt evaluation of iron folate and B12 status. Anemia in Liver Disease A mild hypoproliferative anemia may develop in patients with chronic liver disease from nearly any cause. The peripheral blood smear may show spur cells and stomatocytes from the accumulation of excess cholesterol in the membrane from a deficiency of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase. Red cell survival is shortened and the production of EPO is inadequate to compensate. In alcoholic liver disease nutritional deficiencies are common and complicate the management. Folate deficiency from inadequate intake as well as iron deficiency from blood loss and inadequate intake can alter the red cell indices. Hypoproliferative Anemias Treatment Many patients with hypoproliferative anemias experience recovery of normal hemoglobin levels when the underlying disease is appropriately treated. For those in whom such reversals are not possible such as patients with endstage kidney disease cancer and chronic inflammatory diseases symptomatic anemia requires treatment. The two major forms of treatment are transfusions and EPO. Transfusions Thresholds for transfusion should be altered based on the patient s symptoms. In general patients without serious underlying cardiovascular or .

• Y học thường thức
• Iron Deficiency
• Hypoproliferative Anemias
• bài giảng bệnh học
• tài liệu học ngành y
• Harrisons Internal Medicine
• Arachis hypogaea
• Iron uptake gene
• Fe deficiency
• Pakistani peanut varieties
• BMC Pediatrics
• Iron deficiency anemia
• Red cell distribution width
• Operating characteristic curve
• Iron supplementation
• Iron deficiency anaemia
• Sub Saharan Africa
• Plant Biology
• Hydrogen sulphide
• Iron assimilation
• Organic acid
• Plant hormones
• Early childhood caries
• Preschool child
• BMC Pulmonary Medicine
• Renal failure
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Oxygen therapy
• Chronic kidney disease
• Anemia of chronic disease
• Dietary iron
• Iron therapy
• Cultivated strawberry
• Genetic resources
• Tissue culture
• Genotypes against iron deficiency
• Fruit tree crops
• Undigested gum found during colonoscopy
• Undigested gum
• Unexplained iron deficiency anemia
• Colonoscopy were planned
• Sweet corn
• Agronomic fortification
• Agronomic fortification with zinc
• Iron to enhancing micronutrient concentration
• Sweet corn grain
• Ameliorate the deficiency symptoms
• Human beings
• Dealing with zinc
• Iron deficiency in rice
• Combine strategies to fight hidden hunger
• Fight hidden hunger
• Developing countries
• Febrile seizures
• Nutritional deficiencies
• Multivariate logistic regression analysis
• Blood lymphocyte subsets
• CD8+ T lymphocytes
• CD19+ B lymphocytes
• Rapunzel syndrome
• Abdominal pain
• Case report