TAILIEUCHUNG - Gale Encyclopedia Of American Law 3Rd Edition Volume 13 P35

Gale Encyclopedia of American Law Volume 13 P35 fully illuminates today's leading cases, major statutes, legal terms and concepts, notable persons involved with the law, important documents and more. Legal issues are fully discussed in easy-to-understand language, including such high-profile topics as the Americans with Disabilities Act, capital punishment, domestic violence, gay and lesbian rights, physician-assisted suicide and thousands more. | 326 CIVIL RIGHTS PRIMARY DOCUMENTS FROM SEGREGATION TO CIVIL RIGHTS THE CIVIL RIGHTS CASES The judgment of the court was that the words people of the United States and citizens meant the same thing both describing the political body who according to our republican institutions form the sovereignty and hold the power and conduct the government through their representatives that they are what we familiarly call the sovereign people and every citizen is one of this people and a constituent member of this sovereignty but that the class of persons described in the plea in abatement did not compose a portion of this people were not included and were not intended to be included under the word citizens in the Constitution that therefore they could claim none of the rights and privileges which that instrument provides for and secures to citizens of the United States that on the contrary they were at that time considered as a subordinate and inferior class of beings who had been subjugated by the dominant race and whether emancipated or not yet remained subject to their authority and had no rights or privileges but such as those who held the power and the government might choose to grant them. Such were relations which prior to the adoption of the Thirteenth Amendment existed between the government whether national or state and the descendants whether free or in bondage of those of African blood who had been imported into this country and sold as slaves. The first section thereof provides that neither slavery nor involuntary servitude except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted shall exist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Its second section declares that Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. This amendment was followed by the Civil Rights Act of April 9 1866 which among other things provided that all persons born in the United States and not subject to any .

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