TAILIEUCHUNG - Who Needs Emotions The Brain Meets the Robot - Fellous & Arbib Part 6

Tham khảo tài liệu 'who needs emotions the brain meets the robot - fellous & arbib part 6', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 84 brains is a mammalian specialization other vertebrates have a primordial cortex but only mammals were believed to have a neocortex. Since thinking reasoning memory and problem solving are especially well developed in mammals particularly in humans and other primates that have relatively more neocortical tissue it was argued that these cognitive processes must be mediated by the neocortex and not by the old cortex or other brain areas. In contrast the old cortex and related subcortical ganglia form the limbic system which was said to mediate the evolutionarily older aspects of mental life and behavior our emotions. In this way cognition came to be thought of as the business of the neocortex and emotions of the limbic system. The limbic system theory ran into trouble when it was discovered in the mid-1950s that damage to the hippocampus the centerpiece of the limbic system led to severe deficits in a distinctly cognitive function episodic long-term memory Scoville Milner 1957 . This was incompatible with the original idea that the primitive architecture of the limbic system especially of the hippocampus was poorly suited to participate in cognitive functions MacLean 1949 1952 . Subsequently in the late 1960s it was discovered that the equivalent of mammalian neocortex is present though rudimentary in nonmammalian vertebrates Nauta Karten 1970 . As a result the old new cortex distinction broke down challenging the evolutionary basis of the assignment of emotion to the limbic system and cognition to the neocortex Swanson 1983 . The limbic system itself has been a moving target. Within a few years after the inception of the theory it expanded from the original notion of old cortex and related subcortical forebrain nuclei to include some areas of the midbrain and even some regions of the neocortex. Several attempts have been made to salvage the limbic system by defining it more precisely Livingston Escobar 1971 Isaacson 1982 Swanson 1983 . Nevertheless after half a .

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