TAILIEUCHUNG - Gale Encyclopedia Of American Law 3Rd Edition Volume 13 P4

Gale Encyclopedia of American Law Volume 13 P4 fully illuminates today's leading cases, major statutes, legal terms and concepts, notable persons involved with the law, important documents and more. Legal issues are fully discussed in easy-to-understand language, including such high-profile topics as the Americans with Disabilities Act, capital punishment, domestic violence, gay and lesbian rights, physician-assisted suicide and thousands more. | FOUNDATIONS OF . LAW English Law Second Treatise on Government John Locke 1690 The Englishman john locke is regarded as one of the world s most important political philosophers and his Second Treatise on Government has proved to be one of the seminal documents on the liberal political state. The . system of government was built on Locke s ideas including such core premises as the ultimate sovereignty of the people the necessity of restraints on the exercise of arbitrary power by the executive or the legislature and the revocability of the social contract by the people when power has been arbitrarily used against them. The Declaration of Independence and the . Constitution are testaments to many of Locke s core ideas. The Second Treatise the second part of Two Treatises on Government was written during the period preceding the abdication of King James II. Locke s work which was published in 1690 became a justification for the Glorious Revolution of 1688 when government was reformed along the lines outlined by Locke in his Two Treatises. As a result of these reforms England became a constitutional monarchy under Parliament s control. Greater measures of religious toleration and freedom of expression and thought were permitted as set out in the English Bill of Rights. In part the Two Treatises were an attack upon political absolutism. The first treatise refuted the theory of the divine right of kings which posited that monarchs derived their authority from God. The second treatise however has had the more lasting impact on the United States for it sets out a theory of politics that found its way into . law. Locke maintained that people are naturally tolerant and reasonable but that without a governing force a certain amount of chaos and other inconveniences will occur. In his view all people are inherently equal and free to pursue life liberty health and property. To do this they engage in a social contract in which they consent to give up a certain amount

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