TAILIEUCHUNG - INTERNAL MEDICINE BOARDS - PART 5

Phòng thí nghiệm: tăng bạch cầu, thiếu máu. AXR: "Thumbprinting" được nhìn thấy trên bức tường ruột kết. CT: cho bức tường dày ruột, giãn nở luminal, và chất béo pericolonic mắc cạn. Tắc mạch máu (ví dụ như huyết khối tĩnh mạch mạc treo) là phổ biến. Soi đại tràng sigma linh hoạt: chống chỉ định nếu có dấu hiệu phúc mạc có mặt. thực hiện | Ischemic Colitis Most common in the elderly and in patients with atherosclerotic or cardiovascular disease. Ranges from self-limited to life-threatening disease. Watershed areas the splenic flexure and rectosigmoid junction of the colon are the most common sites affected. Exsanguination and infarction are uncommon. Symptoms Exam Crampy left lower abdominal pain hematochezia nausea. Abdominal exam is benign or reveals mild LLQ tenderness. Ischemic colitis typically affects the colonic watershed areas of the splenic flexure and rectosigmoid junction but spares the rectum. Differential IBD infectious colitis diverticulitis. Diagnosis Labs Leukocytosis anemia. AXR Thumbprinting is seen on the colon wall. CT Shows bowel wall thickening luminal dilation and pericolonic fat stranding. Vascular occlusion . mesenteric venous thrombosis is uncommon. Flexible sigmoidoscopy Contraindicated if peritoneal signs are present. Performed with minimal insufflation. Look for segmental changes sparing the rectum due to preserved collateral circulation from hemorrhoidal plexus and hemorrhagic nodules. Pale dusky ulcerative mucosa. GASTROENTEROLOGY HEPATOLOGY Ascaris lumbricoides causes up to 20 of cases of acute pancreatitis in Asia. Gallstones and alcohol are the main causes of pancreatitis in the United States. Treatment Correct hypotension hypovolemia and cardiac arrhythmias. Minimize vasopressors give broad-spectrum IV antibiotics. Monitor for progression with serial exams and radiographs. If there are signs of infarction guarding rebound tenderness fever laparotomy revascularization or bowel resection may be needed. PANCREATIC DISORDERS Acute Pancreatitis In the United States 80 of acute pancreatitis cases result from binge drinking or biliary stones only 5 of heavy drinkers develop pancreatitis. Twenty percent of cases are complicated by necrotizing pancreatitis. Etiologies are as follows EtOH and gallstones and to a lesser extent trauma. Drugs Azathioprine pentamidine .

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