TAILIEUCHUNG - Báo cáo y học: "Vive la différence: biogenesis and evolution of microRNAs in plants and animals"

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học Wertheim cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài: Vive la différence: biogenesis and evolution of microRNAs in plants and animals. | Axtell MJ et al. Genome Biology 2011 12 221 http 2011 12 4 221 w Genome Biology REVIEW Vive la difference biogenesis and evolution of mieroRNAs in plants and animals Michael J Axtell 1 Jakub O Westholm2 and Eric C Lai 2 Abstract MicroRNAs are pervasive in both plants and animals but many aspects of their biogenesis function and evolution differ. We reveal how these differences contribute to characteristic features of microRNA evolution in the two kingdoms. The first microRNAs miRNAs to be discovered lin-4 and let-7 were found to be regulators of Caenorhabditis elegans development 1-3 and they established a paradigm for eukaryotic gene regulation in which short hairpins generate RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides nt that repress specific target mRNAs. miRNAs have proved to be pervasive in both animals 4-6 and plants 7 8 acting as sequence-specific guides for target recognition 9 10 . Several thousand miRNAs have now been found in dozens of plants and animals 11 . Moreover the biogenesis and activity of miRNAs are strongly related to those of small interfering RNAs siRNAs that mediate RNA interference another ancient mechanism for post-transcriptional gene silencing 12 . Although miRNAs mediate diverse aspects of development and physiology in both plants and animals 13 14 there are substantial differences between them. For example the loci that produce miRNAs have distinct genomic arrangements in each kingdom. Furthermore miRNAs are excised from precursor transcripts by different pathways in the two kingdoms and in different subcellular compartments. Once made plant and animal miRNAs have vastly different suites of direct targets the number of direct targets of a given animal miRNA generally exceeds that of a given plant miRNA by at least an order of magnitude 15 . Herein we focus on how Correspondence Michael J Axtell mja18@ Eric C Lai laie@ department of Biology The Pennsylvania State University 208 Mueller Laboratory University

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