TAILIEUCHUNG - Gale Encyclopedia Of American Law 3Rd Edition Volume 7 P14

Gale Encyclopedia of American Law Volume 7 P14 fully illuminates today's leading cases, major statutes, legal terms and concepts, notable persons involved with the law, important documents and more. Legal issues are fully discussed in easy-to-understand language, including such high-profile topics as the Americans with Disabilities Act, capital punishment, domestic violence, gay and lesbian rights, physician-assisted suicide and thousands more. | 1 1 8 MONUMENT Rosa Parks s refusal to give up her bus seat to a white man on December 1 1955 sparked the 11-month long Montgomery Bus Boycott. AP IMAGES and made thousands of copies to distribute through local churches the following Sunday. They asked for a show of support for Rosa Parks in a one-day boycott of the city s buses. On December 5 1955 90 percent of Montgomery s black citizens avoided use of the public buses. Wanting to capitalize on the momentum church ministers in the area quickly mobilized and organized the Montgomery Improvement Association as the flagship entity to lead a formal boycott. The ministers elected 27-year-old newcomer martin luther king jr. as the spokesperson for the new organization. Formal demands were made to the city and the bus company. African Americans wanted more courteous service black bus drivers hired for the black routes and a first-come first-served but still segregated rider policy. To punctuate the seriousness of the protests Montgomery citizens black and white formed what was locally referred to as a taxicab army. They refused to ride the public buses and instead walked to their destinations or hailed taxicabs driven by African Americans. As part of the boycott the taxi drivers had agreed to charge a reduced rate of ten cents per person equal to the public bus fare. When riders began sharing taxicab fares and riding together in the same direction city officials declared it illegal. In response people began donating their own vehicles to transport riders. Others began volunteering their services as drivers for those who needed to travel farther than they could walk. By the end of the first week more than 20 000 black citizens of Montgomery were getting rides to work through the Montgomery Improvement Association. In February 1956 city officials obtained an injunction against the boycott and used a 1921 law prohibiting the hindrance of a bus as grounds to arrest 156 protesters. Martin Luther King jr. was also arrested .

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