TAILIEUCHUNG - Ferroelectrics Characterization and Modeling Part 16

Tham khảo tài liệu 'ferroelectrics characterization and modeling part 16', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Harmonic Generation in Nanoscale Ferroelectric Films 515 a perovskite ferroelectric from its cubic paraelectric phase to a tetragonal ferroelectric phase Equation 1 has appropriate symmetry. A semi-infinite film We take the film surface to be in the xy plane of a Cartesian coordinate system and assume that the spontaneous polarization is in-plane so that depolarization effects Tilley 1996 do not need to be taken into account. The spontaneous polarization due to the influence of the surface unlike in the bulk may not be constant when the surface is approached. Hence we now have P P z and this implies that a term in dP dz - is present in the free energy expansion together with a surface term Chandra Littlewood 2007 Cottam et al. 1984 and the free energy becomes F ỊỊ dxdy I dz 1AP2 1 BP4 1 CP6 1D fdP 2 4 6 2 dz 2D ỊỊdxdyP2 0 Ỗ-1 6 so that the free energy per unit area where S is the surface area of the film is F L dz S Jo 1AP2 1 BP4 1 CP6 1D f dP 2 4 6 2 dz 2 DP2 Ừ Ỗ-1. 7 The surface term includes a length Ỗ which will appear in a boundary condition required when the free energy is minimized to find the equilibrium polarization. In fact finding the minimum due to the integral over the free energy expansion is now the problem of minimizing a functional. The well know Euler-Lagrange technique can be used which results in the following differential equation d2 P D r - AP - BP3 - CP5 8 dz2 with boundary condition dP - 1P 0 at z 0. 9 dz Ỗ The solution of the Euler-Lagrange equation with this boundary condition gives the equilibrium polarization Po z . It can be seen from Equation 9 that Ỗ is an extrapolation length and that for Ỗ 0 the polarization increases at the surface and for Ỗ 0 it decreases at the surface as is illustrated in Figure 2. 516 Ferroelectrics - Characterization and Modeling Fig. 2. Extrapolation length 5. For 5 0 the polarization increases at the surface and for 5 0 it decreases at the surface. The dotted lines have slopes given by dPo dz z o. For .

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