TAILIEUCHUNG - Viruses associated with human cancer

One of the most important steps in transforming the Thésaurus into an ontology is to represent the concepts and their connections in a machine processable way. In our ontology, each concept is given a formal designator and the relationships between them are formalized in the base ontology language. This overcomes any ambiguity between natural language based descriptive text, and formal concept names. In the NCI Thésaurus, names of entities are semantically rich. Some. | ELSEVIER Available online at ScienceDirect Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1782 2008 127 - 150 locate bbadis Review Viruses associated with human cancer Margaret E. McLaughlin-Drubin Karl Munger The Channing Laboratory Brigham and Women s Hospital and Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School 8 th Floor 181 Longwood Avenue Boston MA 02115 USA Received 5 November 2007 received in revised form 13 December 2007 accepted 18 December 2007 Available online 23 December 2007 Abstract It is estimated that viral infections contribute to 15-20 of all human cancers. As obligatory intracellular parasites viruses encode proteins that reprogram host cellular signaling pathways that control proliferation differentiation cell death genomic integrity and recognition by the immune system. These cellular processes are governed by complex and redundant regulatory networks and are surveyed by sentinel mechanisms that ensure that aberrant cells are removed from the proliferative pool. Given that the genome size of a virus is highly restricted to ensure packaging within an infectious structure viruses must target cellular regulatory nodes with limited redundancy and need to inactivate surveillance mechanisms that would normally recognize and extinguish such abnormal cells. In many cases key proteins in these same regulatory networks are subject to mutation in non-virally associated diseases and cancers. Oncogenic viruses have thus served as important experimental models to identify and molecularly investigate such cellular networks. These include the discovery of oncogenes and tumor suppressors identification of regulatory networks that are critical for maintenance of genomic integrity and processes that govern immune surveillance. 2007 Elsevier . All rights reserved. Keywords Human T-cell leukemia virus HTLV-1 Hepatitis C virus HCV Human papillomavirus HPV Hepatitis B virus HBV Epstein-Barr virus EBV Kaposi s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus KSHV

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