TAILIEUCHUNG - Hepatitis and Liver Cancer: A National Strategy for Prevention and Control of Hepatitis B and C

Another limitation of the literature is that minorities have been dramatically under- represented in psycho-oncology research (Anderson, 1992). Further, although the research demonstrates the importance of the spousal relationship during the cancer experience, there is a lack of controlled research concerning couples or family interventions. Finally, a crucial question that remains unanswered is determining what these findings mean in terms of clinical intervention and care. It is yet unclear if precise psychosocial factors can be manipulated to effect quality of life and disease outcome. Despite these limitations, the current literature holds important clinical implications for the field that will be dis- cussed later in the article | REPORT BRIEF 1 JANUARY 2010 INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES Advising the nation Improving health For more information visit viralhepatitis Hepatitis and Liver Cancer A National Strategy for Prevention and Control of Hepatitis B and C HEPATITIS AND LIVER CANCER A National Strategy for Prevention and Control of Hepatitis B and c INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE Up to million people 2 percent of the . population are living with chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis C. These diseases are more common than HIV AIDS in the . Yet because of the asymptomatic nature of chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C most people who have them are unaware until they have symptoms of liver cancer or liver disease many years later. Each year about 15 000 people die from liver cancer or liver disease related to hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Hepatitis B and hepatitis C can be either acute or chronic. The acute form is a short-term illness that occurs within the first six months after a person is exposed to hepatitis B virus HBV or hepatitis C virus HCV which cause hepatitis B and hepatitis C respectively. The diseases can become chronic although this does not always happen and particularly in the case of hepatitis B the likelihood of this becoming a chronic disease depends on a person s age at the time of infection. Although the number of people with acute hepatitis B is declining in the . mostly because of the availability of hepatitis B vaccines about 43 000 people still develop acute hepatitis B each year. People at risk for hepatitis B include infants born to women with the disease and those who have sexual contact or share injection drug equipment with a person with the disease. People who received a blood transfusion before 1992 and past or current injection-drug users are at risk for chronic hepatitis C. In 2008 the Institute of Medicine convened a committee to assess current prevention and control activities for hepatitis B and hepatitis C and to determine ways

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