TAILIEUCHUNG - Rethinking cancer

The more lymph nodes that contain cancer cells, the more serious the cancer might be. So doctors use the number of involved lymph nodes to help make treatment decisions. Doctors also look at the amount of cancer in the lymph nodes. how much cancer is in each lymph node? You may see these words describing how much cancer is in each lymph node: Microscopic: Only a few cancer cells are in the node. A microscope is needed to find them. Gross: There is a lot of cancer in the node. You can see or feel the cancer without a microscope. extracapsular extension: Cancer has spread outside. | Feature Cancer research Rethinking cancer Researchers seeking to understand cancer have mostly viewed it in terms of chemistry and genetics. Paul Davies argues that physicists should now bring their insights to bear - by considering living cells as material objects that can be controlled using physical forces Paul Davies is director of BEYOND Center for Fundamental Concepts in Science at Arizona State University US e-mail Cancer touches almost everyone in some way. It is now nearly 40 years since US President Richard Nixon declared a scientific war on cancer but while many other major killers like heart disease and pneumonia have shown dramatic improvements and spectacular advances in treatment the mortality and morbidity rates for most cancers have remained almost unchanged figure 1 . Billions of dollars have been spent on cancer research and a million research papers have been published yet most cancer sufferers have not benefited greatly from that effort although prevention campaigns - against smoking asbestos and excessive sunbathing for example - have proved effective. With the exception of a handful of cancer types such as childhood leukaemia progress on treatments has been limited to baby steps with incremental improvements in drugs leading to marginal extensions of life expectancy. Lacking so far is any major breakthrough that would dramatically transform the human and economic impact of the disease. Cancer biology is a subject about which a vast amount is known but very little is understood. So could it be that researchers cannot see the wood for the trees In a spectacularly enlightened initiative the US National Cancer Institute NCI - America s leading federally funded cancer-research agency - has appealed to the physics community for help by creating 12 new centres aimed at encouraging physical scientists mathematicians and engineers to tackle the problem of cancer. The five-year initiative which currently has a .

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