TAILIEUCHUNG - PROTEOMIC APPLICATIONS FOR THE EARLY DETECTION OF CANCER

are there cancer cells in your lymph channels or blood vessels? The breast has a network of lymph channels and blood vessels that drain fluid and blood from your breast tissue back into your body’s circulation. These pathways remove used blood and waste products. There is an increased risk of cancer coming back when cancer cells are found in the fluid channels of the breast. In these cases, your doctor may customize your treatment to reduce this risk. If lymphatic or blood vessel (vascular) invasion is found, your pathology report will say present. If there is no invasion, the report. | PROTEOMIC APPLICATIONS FOR THE EARLY DETECTION OF CANCER Julia D. Wulfkuhle Lance A. Liotta and Emanuel F Petricoirf The ability of physicians to effectively treat and cure cancer is directly dependent on their ability to detect cancers at their earliest stages. Proteomic analyses of early-stage cancers have provided new insights into the changes that occur in the early phases of tumorigenesis and represent a new resource of candidate biomarkers for early-stage disease. Studies that profile proteomic patterns in body fluids also present new opportunities for the development of novel highly sensitive diagnostic tools for the early detection of cancer. PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN The serum level of this protein increases in some men who have prostate cancer or certain benign prostate conditions. GENOMIC TECHNOLOGIES Techniques for gene-expression analysis including oligonucleotide arrays for determining relative levels of expression for thousands of genes between different samples . normal and tumour that can lead to the identification of tumour-specific markers. NCI FDA Clinical Proteomics Program Laboratory of Pathology Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute Bethesda Maryland20892 USA. fNCI FDA Clinical Proteomics Program Office of the Director Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration Bethesda Maryland20892 USA. Correspondence to E P e-mail petricoin@ doi nrc1043 EARLY DETECTION g The early detection of cancer is crucial for its ultimate control and prevention. Although advances in conventional diagnostic strategies such as mammography and PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN PSA testing have provided some improvement in the detection of disease they still do not reach the sensitivity and specificity that are needed to reliably detect early-stage disease. In many cases cancer is not diagnosed and treated until cancer cells have already invaded surrounding tissues and metastasized throughout the body. More .

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