TAILIEUCHUNG - An Environmental Approach to Positive Emotion: Flowers

Despite important problems and deficits concerning the current content of the Directive and namely of its implementation in practice (which are detailed below), the institutes and requirements established by the Directive can be considered as some of the most efficient horizontal measures of environmental protection in existence in Europe. The EIA procedure is in keeping with the polluter pays principle and aims to reduce pressure on the environment. This leads ultimately to social and economic costs for society being reduced | Evolutionary Psychology ep - 2005. 3 104-132 Original Article An Environmental Approach to Positive Emotion Flowers Jeannette Haviland-Jones Department of Psychology Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey New Brunswick NJ. 08903 USA. Email baljones@. Holly Hale Rosario Department of Psychology Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey New Brunswick NJ. 08903 USA. Patricia Wilson Department of Psychology La Salle University Philadelphia PA 19141 USA. Terry R. McGuire Department of Genetics Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey New Brunswick NJ. 08903 USA. Email mcguire@. Abstract For more than 5000 years people have cultivated flowers although there is no known reward for this costly behavior. In three different studies we show that flowers are a powerful positive emotion inducer . In Study 1 flowers upon presentation to women always elicited the Duchenne or true smile. Women who received flowers reported more positive moods 3 days later. In Study 2 a flower given to men or women in an elevator elicited more positive social behavior than other stimuli. In Study 3 flowers presented to elderly participants 55 age elicited positive mood reports and improved episodic memory. Flowers have immediate and long-term effects on emotional reactions mood social behaviors and even memory for both males and females. There is little existing theory in any discipline that explains these findings. We suggest that cultivated flowers are rewarding because they have evolved to rapidly induce positive emotion in humans just as other plants have evolved to induce varying behavioral responses in a wide variety of species leading to the dispersal or propagation of the plants. Keywords positive psychology emotion happiness flowers memory social distance Duchenne smile. Introduction . I t was the flower that first ushered the idea of beauty into the world the moment long ago when floral attraction emerged as a evolutionary strategy

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