TAILIEUCHUNG - Báo cáo sinh học: "The use of marker haplotypes in animal breeding schemes"

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về sinh học được đăng trên tạp chí sinh học Journal of Biology đề tài: The use of marker haplotypes in animal breeding schemes | 161 Genet Sei Evol 1996 28 161-176 Elsevier INRA Original article The use of marker haplotypes in animal breeding schemes THE Meuwissen1 ME Goddard Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit University of New England Armidale NSW 2351 Australia Received 2 May 1995 accepted 13 December 1995 Summary - Information on marker haplotypes was used to increase rates of genetic gain in closed nucleus breeding schemes. The schemes were simulated for ten discrete generations firstly five generations of conventional non-MAS and then five generations of marker-assisted selection MAS . The inheritance of quantitative trait loci QTL alleles was traced by marker haplotypes with probability 1 - r. Emphasis was on extra genetic gains during the early generations of MAS because it was assumed that new QTL were detected continuously. In the first generation of MAS genetic gain was increased by and 38 when selection was respectively after the recording of the trait eg selection for growth rate or before eg fertility . The marked QTL explained 33 of the genetic variance and r . The extra genetic gain decreased with the number of generations of MAS as the variance of the QTL became more and more exploited. The extra response rates due to MAS increased more than proportionally to the variance of the QTL and they increased with decreasing heritabilities. When r increased from to the genetic gain from MAS decreased by only selection before recording . MAS was approximately equally efficient for sex-limited and non-sex-limited traits. In the case of a carcass trait which is measured after slaughtering extra response rates were up to 64 . If recording was after selection additional genetic gains increased markedly with increasing numbers of offspring per dam because markers rendered within-family selection feasible in this situation. It was concluded that the extra rates of gain from MAS can be large when there is a continuous detection of new QTL and when selection is before the .

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