TAILIEUCHUNG - Risk Characterization, Assessment, and Management of Organic Pollutants in Beneficially Used Residual Products

The aims of organic agriculture are summarised in the four principles of health, ecology, fairness and care which inspire the worldwide organic movement. See Annex A. The East African organic products standard has been written for organic production in East Africa and has been adapted to conditions in East Africa. The purpose is to have a single organic standard for organic agriculture production under East African conditions. This East African organic products standard has been based on organic standards currently in place in the region as well as the IFOAM Basic Standards and the Codex Alimentarius. | Risk Characterization Assessment and Management of Organic Pollutants in Beneficially Used Residual Products Gregory B. Kester Robert B. Brobst Andrew Carpenter Rufus L. Chaney Alan B. Rubin Rosalind A. Schoof and David S. Taylor Reproduced from Journal of Environmental Quality. Published by ASA CSSA and SSSA. All copyrights reserved. ABSTRACT A wide array of organic chemicals occur in biosolids and other residuals recycled to land. The extent of our knowledge about the chemicals and the impact on recycling programs varies from high to very low. Two significant challenges in regulating these materials are to accurately determine the concentrations of the organic compounds in residuals and to appropriately estimate the risk that the chemicals present from land application or public distribution. This paper examines both challenges and offers strategies for assessing the risks related to the occurrence of organic compounds in residuals used as soil amendments. Important attributes that must be understood to appropriately characterize and manage the potential risks for organic chemicals in biosolids include toxicity and dose response transport potential chemical structure and environmental stability analytical capability in the matrix of interest concentrations and persistence in waste streams plant uptake availability from surface application versus incorporation solubility factors and environmental fate. This information is complete for only a few chemicals. Questions persist about the far greater number of chemicals for which toxicity and environmental behavior are less well understood. This paper provides a synopsis of analytical issues risk assessment methodologies and risk management screening alternatives for organic constituents in biosolids. Examples from experience in Wisconsin are emphasized but can be extrapolated for broader application. Bosolids are complex materials rich in naturally occurring organic and inorganic compounds but also containing trace .

Đã phát hiện trình chặn quảng cáo AdBlock
Trang web này phụ thuộc vào doanh thu từ số lần hiển thị quảng cáo để tồn tại. Vui lòng tắt trình chặn quảng cáo của bạn hoặc tạm dừng tính năng chặn quảng cáo cho trang web này.