TAILIEUCHUNG - GENETICS IN PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF CANCER

In addition to incidence figures, population-based cancer registries that conduct adequate follow-up of their patients are able to estimate the preva- lence of cancer. Prevalence figures give an indication of the burden of the dis- ease in the community. Cancer registries generally assume that once diag- nosed with cancer, an individual remains a prevalent case until death. Thus, prevalence may be estimated from data on incidence and survival. When a registry has been in operation for many years, so that all patients diagnosed with cancer before the establishment of the registry have died, the prevalent cases may simply be enumerated from the registry file, provided, of course, that the. | Genetics in Prevention and Treatment of Cancer Introduction Cancer prevalence is on the rise. According to the International Agency of Research for Cancer IARC a 50 increase in cancer rate within the next 20 years is expected 1 . The prevalence of malignant cancers and cancer mortality are also on the increase. This issue is a major concern especially in low to middle income countries where over a quarter of disease related deaths are linked to cancer 1 2 . In light of the growing prevalence of cancer and its implications to modern health care equal impetus is being paid by the scientific community to research on the disease. However most of the research has been dedicated to studying environmental influences on cancer development and genetic influences or determinants has been up until now largely overlooked. Recently the role of genetics in the development of cancer is being more widely recognised. The advancement of genetic research and technologies is providing new possibilities for the screening management and treatment of cancer. These new possibilities call for an evaluation of the future in cancer prevention management and treatments as well as the vital role of genomic know-how. This paper aims to examine the significance of a genetic role in the origins of cancer and to discuss the application of genetics and new genetic technologies to be used in management and treatment of disease. It advocates a comprehensive approach one which includes genetic awareness in cancer prevention and treatment. With each passing minute the cancer death toll is rising and more people are being diagnosed with the disease. According to the World Cancer report 10 million new cancer cases are diagnosed annually with over million deaths due to cancer each year that contribute to of the global mortality rate 1 . The Report estimates that about 22 million people worldwide are currently living with an oncological disease. Since 1990 cancer incidence has risen about 19 and .

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