TAILIEUCHUNG - Báo cáo khoa hoc:" The chicken as a model to study microchromosomes in birds: a review"

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về sinh học được đăng trên tạp chí sinh học Journal of Biology đề tài: The chicken as a model to study microchromosomes in birds: a review | . 2 5 SEPT 1998 Départemẽnt de Génétlaue Animate . _ BIBLIOTHÉQUE _ Genet- S J E 1-3 2998 209 219 F. 78352 JOUY EN JOSAS CEDEX 209 c Inra Elsevier Paris 1 Review The chicken as a model to study microchromosomes in birds a review Valerie Fillon Laboratoire de génétique cellulaire Institut national de la recherche agronomique BP27 31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex France Received 17 December 1997 accepted 22 April 1998 Abstract - The typical avian karyotype is composed of a few macrochromosomes and around 60 indistinguishable small microchromosomes. Due to its economic importance the chicken is the avian species for which cytogenetic and genetic maps are the most developed. Based on these genome studies it has been shown that the chicken microchromosomes are carriers of dense genetic information. Indeed they probably bear at least 50 of the genes and exhibit high recombination rates. Because of the presence of microchromosomes the genetic size of the chicken genome seems higher than first estimated and could reach more than 4 000 cM for 1 200 Mb. Thus it is worth developing the microchromosome map. From an evolutionary point of view comparative mapping data raise many questions about the origin of microchromosomes. They could be ancestral chromosomes from which large chromosomes formed by fusions or conversely they could be the result of the splitting of macrochromosomes. Inra Elsevier Paris microchromosome chicken genomic map recombination rate Resume La Poule comme modèle d etude des microchromosomes d oiseaux une revue. Le caryotype aviaire typique est constitué de quelques macrochromosomes et d environ soixante microchromosomes punctiformes et indiscernables les uns des autres. Du fait de son importance économique la Poule est 1 espèce d oiseaux dont les cartes génétique et cytogénétique sont les plus avancées. Ces etudes ont permis de montrer que les microchromosomes contiennent une information génétique dense. En effet ils portent probablement au moins 50

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