TAILIEUCHUNG - ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN SEWAGE SLUDGE FOR AGRICULTURAL USE

Es werden zwei verschiedene Prozesse zur Herstellung von Formaldehyd unterschieden. Einerseits wird die oxidative Dehydrierung von Methanol mit Hilfe von Silberkatalysatoren und andererseits die Oxidation von Methanol mit Hilfe von Eisenoxid/Molybdänoxid Katalysa- toren angewandt. Am einzigen österreichischen Standort wird die oxidative Dehydrierung verwendet. Die Ka- pazität dieser Anlage liegt bei 91 000 Tonnen pro Jahr, berechnet als 100 % Formaldehyd. Im Jahr 1998 wurden 83 600 Tonnen produziert, wofür 102 000 Tonnen Methanol als Roh- material benötigt wurden. Nach der katalytischen Umsetzung von Methanol an den Silberkatalysatoren werden die Re- aktionsgase rasch abgekühlt, um eine Zersetzung des gebildeten Formaldehyds zu verhin- dern. Die. | Organic Contaminants IN SEWAGE SLUDGE for Agricultural use Project Coordination European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute for Environment and Sustainability Soil and Waste Unit H. Langenkamp P. Part Data elaboration AND reporting UMEG Center for Environmental Measurements Environmental Inventories and Product Safety W. Erhardt A. Pruef 18 October 2001 Foreword of the Editors European dimension of organic contaminants Sewage sludge has been used in agriculture over a long time. Since 1986 the utilization of sewage sludge has been subject to provisions stipulated in the EU Directive 86 278 EEC . The Directive sets out requirements with respect to the quality of sludge the soil on which it is to be used the loading rate and the crops that may be grown on treated land. The European Commission considers that 86 278 EEC has been a success because there have been no reports of adverse effects wherever it has been applied. Consideration has been given to revising the directive in order to further improve the situation In the majority of cases the most direct risk would currently be considered adverse effects to consumers of crops humans and animals by virtue of uptake by crops or contamination of crops. An important risk at heavily amended sites is that of groundwater pollution. Many countries in Europe rely heavily on groundwater for drinking water and irrigation water. Persistent contaminants in groundwater can eventually reach and potentially pollute surface waters. According to the European Commission the quantity of water available per human being has dropped by 40 since 1970 and two out of five people living on the planet have water supply problems RTD info 21 . One of the reasons for that is the contamination of land and the groundwater resources especially in highly industrialised regions which are typical for Central and Eastern Europe. Furthermore 60 of Europe s cultivated land contains fertilisers and pesticide levels which are a threat to

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