TAILIEUCHUNG - Small Scale Laboratory: Organic Chemistry at University Level

Das Rohmaterial wird zunächst in Spaltöfen unter Zugabe von Dampf und unter Zufuhr von Energie in niedrigere Kohlenwasserstoffe gespalten. In den nachfolgenden Trennkolonnen werden unter anderem die Produkte Ethylen und Propylen separat abgetrennt. Weitere se- parat abgetrennte Ströme sind das Pyrolysebenzin, die C4 Fraktion (zur Weiterverarbeitung siehe Abschnitt 1,3 – Butadien), Wasserstoff und Ethan. Relevante Emissionen entstehen aus den Spaltöfen durch die Energiebereitstellung für die Spaltung der höheren organischen Verbindungen. In diesem Zusammenhang zu erwähnen sind NOx, CO, CO2, SO2 und Staub. Als Brennstoff wird in den Spaltöfen Raffineriegas ver- wendet. Abwasser entsteht bei der Entfernung der sauren Bestandteile aus. | Small Scale Laboratory Organic Chemistry at University Level Compiled and Edited by Associate Professor Supawan Tantayanon Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok THAILAND 2 United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Thai Research Fund Thailand Chemical Society of Thailand Federation of Asian Chemical Society Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand 10330 Tel Fax 66 2218 7641 e-mail 3 Small Scale Laboratory Organic Chemistry at University Level FOREWORD 6 INTRODUCTION 8 COMPONENTS OF SMALL-LAB KIT 9 SMALL-SCALE APPARATUS AND TECHNIQUE 11 CHAPTER I TECHNIQUES IN THE ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LABORATORY 19 RECRYSTALLIZATION 20 DISTILLATION 25 SUBLIMATION 31 CHROMATOGRAPHY 33 CHAPTER II SEPARATION OF MIXTURE BY EXTRACTION 39 SEPARATION OF ACIDIC AND NEUTRAL SUBSTANCES 40 SMALL SCALE SEPARATION OF ACIDIC BASIC AND NEUTRAL SUBSTANCE 45 CHAPTER III IDENTIFICATION OF SUBSTANCES 51 DETERMINATION OF AN UNKNOWN ALCOHOL BY OXIDATION REACTION 52 POLYFUNCTIONAL COMPOUNDS OBJECTIVE 56 IDENTIFICATION OF SUGARS FROM NATURAL SOURCES 60 CHAPTER IV SYNTHESIS OF COMPOUNDS 64 A SAFER AND RAPID BROMINATION OF ALKENES 65 BROMINATION OF ACETANILIDE 73 SYNTHESIS OF r-PENTYL CHLORIDE BY UNIMOLECULAR NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION 76 SYNTHESIS OF ARYLOXYACETIC ACID BY BIMOLECULAR NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION 80 DEHYDRATION OF ALCOHOL USING A CATION EXCHANGE RESIN CATALYST 84 PREPARATION OF SALICYLIC ACID FROM WINTERGREEN OIL 87 ESTERIFICATION SYNTHESIS OF METHYL P-CHLOROBENZOATE 91 INDIGO SYNTHESIS AND DYEING 94 A GRIGNARD-LIKE ORGANIC REACTION 101 DIELS-ALDER REACTION 104 SYNTHESIS OF -BUTYROLACTONE 109 SYNTHESIS OF COUMARIN USING A RESIN AS CATALYST 112 SYNTHESIS OF CYCLIC ACETAL 115 Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand 10330 Tel Fax 66 2218 7641 e-mail .

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