TAILIEUCHUNG - REDISCOVERING BIOLOGY - Molecular to Global Perspectives: Cell Biology and Cancer

In most cases the cancer cells form a tumor. But some cancers, like leukemia, rarely form tumors. Instead, these cancer cells are in the blood and bone marrow. When cancer cells get into the bloodstream or lymph vessels, they can travel to other parts of the body. There they begin to grow and form new tumors that replace normal tissue. This process is called metastasis (muh-tas-tuh-sis). No matter where a cancer may spread, it is always named for the place where it started. For instance, breast cancer that has spread to the liver is still called breast cancer,. | Cell Biology and Cancer REDISCOVERING BIOLOGY Molecular to Global Perspectives We now understand a lot about cancer. We know that it results from a series of genetic changes having to do with cell division and growth control and genetic instability mortality the suicide mechanism in cells the ability of the cells to migrate the ability of the cells to attract to them a blood supply. And so that s pretty profound that in a few sentences one can summarize a sophisticated fundamental understanding of what a cancer is. Leland Hartwell Introduction A multicellular organism can thrive only when all its cells function in accordance with the rules that govern cell growth and reproduction. Why does a normal cell suddenly become a rebel breaking the rules dividing recklessly invading other tissues usurping resources and in some cases eventually killing the body in which it lives To understand how and why cells rebel we need to understand the normal functions of cell growth and reproduction. From the midnineteenth century on research in cell biology biochemistry and molecular biology has provided astonishingly detailed information about the molecules and processes that allow cells to divide grow differentiate and perform their essential functions. This basic knowledge of cell biology has also led to practical discoveries about the mechanisms of cancer. Specific molecules that control the progression of a cell through the cell cycle regulate cell growth. An understanding of normal cell cycle processes and how those processes go awry provides key information about the mechanisms that trigger cancer. Loss of control of the cell cycle is one of the critical steps in the development of cancer. Although cancer comprises at least 100 different diseases all cancer cells share one important characteristic they are abnormal cells in which the processes regulating normal cell division are disrupted. That is cancer develops from changes that cause normal cells to acquire abnormal .

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