TAILIEUCHUNG - CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY CONCEPTS, SECOND EDITION (PART 2, end)

Tham khảo sách 'cardiovascular physiology concepts, second edition (part 2, end)', y tế - sức khoẻ, y học thường thức phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | LEARNING OBJECTIVES NEUROHUMORAL A CONTROL OF THE HEART AND CIRCULATION V Understanding the concepts presented in this chapter will enable the student to 1. Describe the origin and distribution of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves to the heart and circulation. 2. Know the location and function of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors and muscarinic receptors in the heart and blood vessels. 3. Describe the location and afferent connections from the carotid sinus aortic arch and cardiopulmonary baroreceptors to the medulla oblongata. 4. Describe how carotid sinus baroreceptors respond to changes in arterial pressure mean pressure and pulse pressure and explain how changes in baroreceptor activity affect sympathetic and parasympathetic outflow to the heart and circulation. 5. Describe a the location of peripheral and central chemoreceptors b the way they respond to hypoxemia hypercapnia and acidosis and c the effects of their stimulation on autonomic control of the heart and circulation. 6. List the factors that stimulate the release of catecholamines renin aldosterone atrial natriuretic peptide and vasopressin. 7. Describe how sympathetic nerves circulating catecholamines angiotensin II aldosterone atrial natriuretic peptide and vasopressin interact to regulate arterial blood pressure. CHAPTER INTRODUCTION Autonomic nerves and circulating hormones serve as important mechanisms for regulating cardiac and vascular function. These mechanisms are conttolled hy sensors that monitor blood pressure baroreceptors blood volume volume receptors blood chemistry chemoreceptors and plasma osmolarity osmoreceptors . Peripheral sensors such as baroreceptors are found in arteries veins and cardiac chambers. They have afferent nerve fibers that ttavel to the central nervous system where their activity is monitored and compared against a set point for arterial pressure. Deviations from the set point result in selective activation or deactivation of neurohumoral efferent control systems.

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