TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 9: Cardiovascular Integration and Adaptation

Previous chapters emphasized physiologic concepts concerning cardiac and vascular function at the cellular and organ level. In addition, they examined mechanisms, such as baroreceptors and circulating hormones, that regulate overall cardiovascular function. This chapter integrates all the components of the cardiovascular system and shows how they work together to maintain normal perfusion of organs under conditions of increased organ demand for blood flow (., during exercise and pregnancy) or during abnormal stressful conditions such as hemorrhage | chapter Cardiovascular Integration and Adaptation 9 CD-ROM CONTENTS LEARNING OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES TO EXERCISE Mechanisms Involved in Cardiovascular Response to Exercise Steady-State Changes in Cardiovascular Function during Exercise Factors Influencing Cardiovascular Response to Exercise MATERNAL CHANGES IN CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION DURING PREGNANCY HYPOTENSION Causes of Hypotension Compensatory Mechanisms during Hypotension Decompensatory Mechanisms Following Severe and Prolonged Hypotension Physiologic Basis for Therapeutic Intervention HYPERTENSION Essential Primary Hypertension Secondary Hypertension Physiologic Basis for Therapeutic Intervention HEART FAILURE Causes of Heart Failure Systolic versus Diastolic Dysfunction Systemic Compensatory Mechanisms in Heart Failure Exercise Limitations Imposed by Heart Failure Physiologic Basis for Therapeutic Intervention SUMMARY OF IMPORTANT CONCEPTS REVIEW QUESTIONS SUGGESTED READINGS CD CONTENTS Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure Pressure Natriuresis LEARNING OBJECTIVES Understanding the concepts presented in this chapter will enable the student to 1. Describe the mechanical metabolic and neurohumoral mechanisms that lead to changes in cardiac output central venous pressure systemic vascular resistance mean arterial pressure and arterial pulse pressure during exercise. 2. Describe how exercise affects blood flow to the following organs brain heart active skeletal muscle nonactive muscle skin gastrointestinal tract and kidneys. 3. Explain the mechanisms that enable ventricular stroke volume to increase during exercise at high heart rates. 4. Describe how each of the following influences the cardiovascular responses to exercise type of exercise dynamic versus static body posture physical conditioning altitude temperature and humidity age and gender. 5. Describe the effects of pregnancy on blood volume central venous pressure ventricular stroke volume heart rate systemic vascular resistance and .

Đã phát hiện trình chặn quảng cáo AdBlock
Trang web này phụ thuộc vào doanh thu từ số lần hiển thị quảng cáo để tồn tại. Vui lòng tắt trình chặn quảng cáo của bạn hoặc tạm dừng tính năng chặn quảng cáo cho trang web này.