TAILIEUCHUNG - Control Engineering - A guide for beginners - Chapter 5

Tham khảo tài liệu 'control engineering - a guide for beginners - chapter 5', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, tự động hoá phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 5 Switching controllers Discontinuous and quasi-continuous controllers With the continuous controllers described previously with P PD I PI and PID actions the manipulating variable y can take on any value between the limits y 0 and y yH. In this way the controller is always able to keep the process variable equal to the setpoint w. In contrast to continuous controllers discontinuous and quasi-continuous controllers do not have a continuous output signal but one that can only have the state ON or OFF. The outputs from such controllers are frequently implemented as relays but voltage and current outputs are also common. However unlike the continuous controller these are binary signals that can only have a value of 0 or the maximum value. These signals can be used to control devices such as solid-state re- Fig. 51 Continuous discontinuous and quasi-continuous controllers In addition to these controller types with binary outputs there are also 3-state and multi-state controllers where the manipulating variable output can have 3 or more levels. A tri-state controller would for instance be used for heating and cooling tasks or humidification and dehumidification. It might be assumed that controllers with outputs which can only be in the ON or OFF state would only produce an unsatisfactory control action. But surprisingly enough satisfactory results for the intended purposes can be achieved in many control processes particularly with quasi-continuous controllers. Discontinuous and quasi-continuous controllers are very widely used because of the simple construction of the output stage and the actuators that are required resulting in lower costs. They are found universally in those areas of process control where the processes are relatively slow and can be readily controlled with switching actuators. The simplest controller with a binary output is the discontinuous controller which is effectively a limit switch that simply switches the manipulating variable on or off .

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