TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 166. Lyme Borreliosis

Lyme borreliosis is caused by a spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, that is transmitted by ticks of the Ixodes ricinus complex. The infection usually begins with a characteristic expanding skin lesion, erythema migrans (EM; stage 1, localized infection). After several days or weeks, the spirochete may spread to many different sites (stage 2, disseminated infection). | Chapter 166. Lyme Borreliosis Lyme borreliosis is caused by a spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato that is transmitted by ticks of the Ixodes ricinus complex. The infection usually begins with a characteristic expanding skin lesion erythema migrans EM stage 1 localized infection . After several days or weeks the spirochete may spread to many different sites stage 2 disseminated infection . Possible manifestations of disseminated infection include secondary annular skin lesions meningitis cranial neuritis radiculoneuritis peripheral neuritis carditis atrioventricular nodal block or migratory musculoskeletal pain. Months or years later usually after periods of latent infection intermittent or chronic arthritis chronic encephalopathy or polyneuropathy or acrodermatitis may develop stage 3 persistent infection . Most patients experience early symptoms of the illness during the summer but the infection may not become symptomatic until it progresses to stage 2 or 3. Lyme disease was recognized as a separate entity in 1976 because of geographic clustering of children in Lyme Connecticut who were thought to have juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. It became apparent that Lyme disease was a multisystem illness that affected primarily the skin nervous system heart and joints. Epidemiologic studies of patients with EM implicated certain Ixodes ticks as vectors of the disease. Early in the twentieth century EM had been described in Europe and attributed to I. ricinus tick bites. In 1982 a previously unrecognized spirochete now called Borrelia burgdorferi was recovered from Ixodes scapularis ticks and then from patients with Lyme disease. The entity is now called Lyme disease or Lyme borreliosis. Etiologic Agent B. burgdorferi the causative agent of Lyme disease is a fastidious microaerophilic bacterium. The spirochete s genome is quite small Mb and consists of a highly unusual linear chromosome of 950 kb as well as 9 circular and 12 linear plasmids. The most remarkable .

• Y học thường thức
• medical books
• pharmacology
• epidemiologic
• Obstetrics
• anatomy
• Preventing Morbidity
• Multidisciplinary Care
• Biomedical Electronics
• Medical Equipment
• Medical Imaging
• Electronic Medical Records
• Image Data Compression
• radiation physics
• Modern Physics
• medical physiscists
• Interaction Mechanisms
• Medical Applications
• Laser Safety
• Biological Considerations
• Intraocular
• Retinal Prosthesis
• Probability Theory
• Random Processes
• Engineering Statistics
• Microfluidic Devices
• Microfabricated Devices
• Cell Manipulation
• Bioinstrumentation
• Circuit Theory
• Introductory Biomedical Engineering
• Sacrificial Oxide Layer
• Drug Delivery
• Nanofabrication
• developmental systems
• Cleavage
• lumen formation
• blastula formation
• Electricity Inside Us
• Heart Pulse
• Crocodile Tears
• Mechanics
• Molecular Transport
• Regulation
• Microcirculation
• Gene Expression
• Extracellular Matrix
• physiology
• Capstone Design Experience
• Meet Student Needs
• Changing Needs
• Integrated Wholes
• General System Theory
• Systems Biology
• Empirical Force Fields
• Computational Methods
• Domain Partitioning
• Basic Principles
• Tissue Engineering
• Cell Culture
• biological basis
• The cytoskeleton
• cell mechanics
• Larger Organisms
• Cell Populations
• Individual Cells
• Emergent Computation
• Automata Theory
• Bioinformatics
• Biomedical research
• Clinical research
• Human stem cells
• Functional Genomics
• Interpreting Microarray
• Proteomics