TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 159. Leprosy (Hansen's Disease)

Leprosy, first described in ancient Indian texts from the sixth century ., is a nonfatal, chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, whose clinical manifestations are largely confined to the skin, peripheral nervous system, upper respiratory tract, eyes, and testes. The unique tropism of M. leprae for peripheral nerves (from large nerve trunks to microscopic dermal nerves) and certain immunologically mediated reactional states are the major causes of morbidity in leprosy. The propensity of the disease, when untreated, to result in characteristic deformities and the recognition in most cultures that the disease is communicable from person to person have. | Chapter 159. Leprosy Hansen s Disease Leprosy first described in ancient Indian texts from the sixth century . is a nonfatal chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae whose clinical manifestations are largely confined to the skin peripheral nervous system upper respiratory tract eyes and testes. The unique tropism of M. leprae for peripheral nerves from large nerve trunks to microscopic dermal nerves and certain immunologically mediated reactional states are the major causes of morbidity in leprosy. The propensity of the disease when untreated to result in characteristic deformities and the recognition in most cultures that the disease is communicable from person to person have resulted historically in a profound social stigma. Today with early diagnosis and the institution of appropriate and effective antimicrobial therapy patients can lead productive lives in the community and deformities and other visible manifestations can largely be prevented. Etiology M. leprae is an obligate intracellular bacillus pm wide and 1-8 pm long that is confined to humans armadillos in certain locales and sphagnum moss. The organism is acid-fast indistinguishable microscopically from other mycobacteria and ideally detected in tissue sections by a modified Fite stain. Strain variability has been documented in this organism. M. leprae produces no known toxins and is well adapted to penetrate and reside within macrophages yet it may survive outside the body for months. In untreated patients only 1 of M. leprae organisms are viable. The morphologic index MI a measure of the number of acidfast bacilli AFB in skin scrapings that stain uniformly bright correlates with viability. The bacteriologic index BI a logarithmic-scaled measure of the density of M. leprae in the dermis may be as high as 4-6 in untreated patients falling by 1 unit per year during effective therapy the rate of decrease is independent of the relative potency of effective antimicrobial therapy. A

• Y học thường thức
• medical books
• pharmacology
• epidemiologic
• Obstetrics
• anatomy
• Preventing Morbidity
• Multidisciplinary Care
• Biomedical Electronics
• Medical Equipment
• Medical Imaging
• Electronic Medical Records
• Image Data Compression
• radiation physics
• Modern Physics
• medical physiscists
• Interaction Mechanisms
• Medical Applications
• Laser Safety
• Biological Considerations
• Intraocular
• Retinal Prosthesis
• Probability Theory
• Random Processes
• Engineering Statistics
• Microfluidic Devices
• Microfabricated Devices
• Cell Manipulation
• Bioinstrumentation
• Circuit Theory
• Introductory Biomedical Engineering
• Sacrificial Oxide Layer
• Drug Delivery
• Nanofabrication
• developmental systems
• Cleavage
• lumen formation
• blastula formation
• Electricity Inside Us
• Heart Pulse
• Crocodile Tears
• Mechanics
• Molecular Transport
• Regulation
• Microcirculation
• Gene Expression
• Extracellular Matrix
• physiology
• Capstone Design Experience
• Meet Student Needs
• Changing Needs
• Integrated Wholes
• General System Theory
• Systems Biology
• Empirical Force Fields
• Computational Methods
• Domain Partitioning
• Basic Principles
• Tissue Engineering
• Cell Culture
• biological basis
• The cytoskeleton
• cell mechanics
• Larger Organisms
• Cell Populations
• Individual Cells
• Emergent Computation
• Automata Theory
• Bioinformatics
• Biomedical research
• Clinical research
• Human stem cells
• Functional Genomics
• Interpreting Microarray
• Proteomics