TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 152. Plague and Other Yersinia Infections

Plague is an acute febrile disease caused by infection with Yersinia pestis. Human cases are infrequent and are curable with antibiotics. Plague is, however, one of the most virulent and potentially lethal bacterial diseases known, and fatality rates remain high among patients who are not treated in the early stages of infection. Plague occurs in widely scattered foci in Asia, Africa, and the Americas (Fig. 152-1), where its usual hosts are various wild rodents and human-associated rats. Infection is transmitted to humans typically by flea bite and infrequently by direct contact with infected animal tissues or by airborne droplet | Chapter 152. Plague and Other Yersinia Infections Plague is an acute febrile disease caused by infection with Yersinia pestis. Human cases are infrequent and are curable with antibiotics. Plague is however one of the most virulent and potentially lethal bacterial diseases known and fatality rates remain high among patients who are not treated in the early stages of infection. Plague occurs in widely scattered foci in Asia Africa and the Americas Fig. 152-1 where its usual hosts are various wild rodents and human-associated rats. Infection is transmitted to humans typically by flea bite and infrequently by direct contact with infected animal tissues or by airborne droplet. The principal clinical forms of plague are bubonic septicemic and pneumonic. Although most cases are now sporadic occurring singly or in small clusters the potential for outbreaks and epidemic spread remains. Because of its virulence and transmissibility Y. pestis is considered an important potential agent of biological terrorism that requires special countermeasures to protect the public s health Chap. 214 . Figure 152-1 I . CoimPiiw niparlirqhirrx-inmngun cam I J. . 7ÍXIS fie taunwi F ud tó. K-a-ipi ĐL t- vnvdd Í. Haul ar SL. VM-rflo ŨL. JarrrviOT JL. Lu-nalcp Ji WiK rrx---. J ff Kapftx . 1 ííti Ẽdr jc i vvu. KC I n p n _ I I I _ fipyilqh q Th Mediw-Hll CmpKMi. iht -II nphti r i ivad. - DerillHOC .Lom Approximate global distribution of Yersinia pestis. Compiledfrom WHO CDC and country sources. Etiologic Agent Y. pestis is a gram-negative coccobacillus in the family Enterobacteriaceae. Genomic analysis suggests that it has only recently evolved from Y. pseudotuberculosis. Y. pestis is microaerophilic nonmotile nonsporulating oxidase and urease negative and biochemically unreactive. The organism is nonfastidious and infective for laboratory rodents. It grows well if slowly on routinely used microbiologic media . sheep blood agar brain-heart infusion broth and .

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