TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 149. Cholera and Other Vibrioses

Members of the genus Vibrio cause a number of important infectious syndromes. Classic among them is cholera, a devastating diarrheal disease caused by V. cholerae that has been responsible for seven global pandemics and much suffering over the past two centuries. Epidemic cholera remains a significant public health concern in the developing world today. Other vibrioses caused by other Vibrio species include syndromes of diarrhea, soft tissue infection, or primary sepsis. All Vibrio species are highly motile, facultatively anaerobic, curved gram-negative rods with one or more flagella. In nature, vibrios most commonly reside in tidal rivers and bays under. | Chapter 149. Cholera and Other Vibrioses Members of the genus Vibrio cause a number of important infectious syndromes. Classic among them is cholera a devastating diarrheal disease caused by V. cholerae that has been responsible for seven global pandemics and much suffering over the past two centuries. Epidemic cholera remains a significant public health concern in the developing world today. Other vibrioses caused by other Vibrio species include syndromes of diarrhea soft tissue infection or primary sepsis. All Vibrio species are highly motile facultatively anaerobic curved gram-negative rods with one or more flagella. In nature vibrios most commonly reside in tidal rivers and bays under conditions of moderate salinity. They proliferate in the summer months when water temperatures exceed 20 C. As might be expected the illnesses they cause also increase in frequency during the warm months. Cholera Definition Cholera is an acute diarrheal disease that can in a matter of hours result in profound rapidly progressive dehydration and death. Accordingly cholera gravis the severe form of cholera is a much-feared disease particularly in its epidemic presentation. Fortunately prompt aggressive fluid repletion and supportive care can obviate the high mortality that cholera has historically wrought. While the term cholera has occasionally been applied to any severely dehydrating secretory diarrheal illness whether infectious in etiology or not it has generally referred to disease caused by V. cholerae serogroup O1. In 1992 however a new serogroup O139 that causes epidemic cholera emerged on the Indian subcontinent and has since killed thousands of people. Microbiology and Epidemiology The species V. cholerae comprises a host of organisms classified on the basis of the carbohydrate determinants of their lipopolysaccharide LPS O antigens. Some 200 serogroups have now been recognized. They are divided into those that agglutinate in antisera to the O1 group antigen V. cholerae O1

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