TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 142. Pertussis and Other Bordetella Infections

Pertussis is an acute infection of the respiratory tract caused by Bordetella pertussis. The name pertussis means "violent cough," which aptly describes the most consistent and prominent feature of the illness. The inspiratory sound made at the end of an episode of paroxysmal coughing gives rise to the common name for the illness, "whooping cough"; however, this feature is variable: it is uncommon among infants ≤6 months of age and is frequently absent in older children and adults. The Chinese name for pertussis is "the 100-day cough," which accurately describes the clinical course of the illness. The identification. | Chapter 142. Pertussis and Other Bordetella Infections Introduction Pertussis is an acute infection of the respiratory tract caused by Bordetella pertussis. The name pertussis means quot violent cough quot which aptly describes the most consistent and prominent feature of the illness. The inspiratory sound made at the end of an episode of paroxysmal coughing gives rise to the common name for the illness quot whooping cough quot however this feature is variable it is uncommon among infants 6 months of age and is frequently absent in older children and adults. The Chinese name for pertussis is quot the 100-day cough quot which accurately describes the clinical course of the illness. The identification of B. pertussis was first reported by Bordet and Gengou in 1906 and vaccines were produced over the following two decades. Microbiology Of the nine identified species in the genus Bordetella only three are of major medical significance. B. pertussis infects only humans and is the most important Bordetella species causing human disease. B. parapertussis causes an illness in humans that is similar to pertussis but is typically milder coinfections with B. parapertussis and B. pertussis have been documented. B. bronchiseptica is an important pathogen of domestic animals that causes kennel cough in dogs atrophic rhinitis and pneumonia in pigs and pneumonia in cats. Both respiratory infection and opportunistic infection are occasionally reported in humans. Two additional species B. hinzii and B. holmesii are unusual causes of bacteremia both have been isolated from patients with sepsis most often from those who are immunocompromised. Bordetella species are gram-negative pleomorphic aerobic bacilli that share common genotypic characteristics. B. pertussis and B. parapertussis are the most similar of the species but B. parapertussis does not express the gene coding for pertussis toxin. B. pertussis is a slow-growing fastidious organism that requires selective medium and forms .

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