TAILIEUCHUNG - Báo cáo y học: " From transcription start site to cell biology"

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học Minireview cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài: From transcription start site to cell biology. | Minireview From transcription start site to cell biology Philipp Kapranov Address Helicos BioSciences Corporation One Kendall Square Building 700 Cambridge MA 02139 USA. Email philippk08@ Published 20 April 2009 Genome Biology 2009 10 216 doi gb-2009-l0-4-2l7 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at http 2009 l0M 2l7 2009 BioMed Central Ltd Abstract The regulation of transcription is a complex process. Recent novel insights concerning the in vivo regulation and expression of protein-coding and non-coding RNAs have added previously unimagined levels of complexity to these processes. Knowledge of the exact position of a 5 transcriptional start site TSS of an RNA molecule is crucial for the identification of the regulatory regions that immediately flank it. Traditionally the most reliable method of identifying a TSS is to map a nucleotide to which a 5 cap structure is added in the RNA. Over the past few years this approach has been used in a number of genome-wide surveys aimed at unbiased identification of TSSs see 1 2 and references therein . These surveys identified many more sites where 5 ends of capped RNAs could be mapped than those TSSs belonging to annotated genes. At the same time large amounts of unannotated transcription had been detected in mammalian genomes 2-4 and numerous transcription factor binding sites found outside annotated promoter regions 5 6 . In addition multiple start sites are often found for annotated protein-coding genes very far from their official start sites 2 7 8 . Three papers published recently in Nature Genetics by members of the FANTOM Functional Annotation of Mouse consortium 9-11 reveal yet further complexity of transcription initiation in animal genomes. Taft et al. 9 describe a new class of short RNAs made at promoters while Faulkner et al. 10 show that repetitive elements can be a rich source of novel promoters. A study from the FANTOM consortium .

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